Fluke Home Safety Product 9140 User Manual
Hart Scientific  
9140  
Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
Rev. 5B1702  
 
Table of Contents  
1 Before You Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1  
1.1 Symbols Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1  
1.2 Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
1.2.1  
WARNINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2  
1.2.2  
CAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4  
1.3 Authorized Service Centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5  
2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7  
3 Specifications and Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . 9  
3.1 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9  
3.2 Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9  
3.3 Warranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10  
4 Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11  
4.1 Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11  
4.2 Set-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11  
4.3 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11  
4.4 Setting the Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12  
5 Parts and Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
5.1 Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
5.2 Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14  
5.3 Constant Temperature Block Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15  
5.3.1  
Constant Temperature Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15  
5.3.2  
Probe Sleeves and Tongs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15  
6 General Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17  
6.1 Calibrator Set-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17  
6.2 Changing Display Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17  
6.3 Switching to 230 V Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17  
6.4 Setting the Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18  
6.5 Calibrating Probes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18  
7 Controller Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21  
7.1 Well Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21  
i
 
7.2 Temperature Set-point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21  
7.2.1  
7.2.2  
7.2.3  
Programmable Set-points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21  
Set-point Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23  
Temperature Scale Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23  
7.3 Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24  
7.3.1  
Scan Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24  
7.3.2  
Scan Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24  
7.4 Temperature Display Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25  
7.4.1  
7.4.2  
7.4.3  
7.4.4  
Hold Temperature Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25  
Mode Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25  
Switch Wiring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25  
Switch Test Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26  
7.5 Secondary Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26  
7.5.1  
Heater Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26  
7.5.2  
Proportional Band. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27  
7.6 Controller Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29  
7.6.1  
Calibration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29  
7.6.1.1 R0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29  
7.6.1.2 ALPHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30  
7.6.1.3 DELTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30  
7.7 Operating Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30  
7.8 Serial Interface Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30  
7.8.0.1 Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30  
7.8.1  
Sample Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31  
7.8.1.1 Duplex Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31  
7.8.1.2 Linefeed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32  
8 Digital Communication Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33  
8.1 Serial Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33  
8.1.1  
Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33  
8.1.2  
Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33  
8.1.2.1 Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34  
8.1.2.2 Sample Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34  
8.1.2.3 Duplex Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34  
8.1.2.4 Linefeed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34  
Serial Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34  
8.1.3  
8.2 Interface Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35  
9 Test Probe Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39  
9.1 Comparison Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39  
9.1.1  
9.1.2  
9.1.3  
Calibrating a Single Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39  
Comparison Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39  
Calibration of Multiple Probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40  
9.2 Dry-well Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40  
9.2.1  
9.2.2  
9.2.3  
Vertical Gradient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40  
Heating and Cooling Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40  
Stabilization and Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41  
ii  
 
10 Calibration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43  
10.1 Calibration Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43  
10.2 Calibration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43  
10.2.1  
10.2.2  
10.2.3  
Compute DELTA: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43  
Compute R & ALPHA: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44  
0
Accuracy & Repeatability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45  
11 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47  
12 Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49  
12.1 Troubleshooting Problems, Possible Causes, and Solutions . . . . 49  
12.2 CE Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50  
12.2.1  
EMC Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50  
12.2.2  
Low Voltage Directive (Safety) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50  
iii  
 
Figures  
Figure 1 9140 Back Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13  
Figure 2 9140 Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14  
Figure 3 Inserts available for the 9140 block assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15  
Figure 4 Controller Operation Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22  
Figure 5 Well temperature fluctuation at various proportional band settings . . . 27  
Figure 6 Serial Cable Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33  
Figure 7 Typical Heating Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41  
Figure 8 Typical Cooling Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41  
iv  
 
Tables  
Table 1  
Table 2  
Table 3  
International Electrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1  
9140 controller communications commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36  
9140 controller communications commands continued . . . . . . . . . 37  
v
 
1 Before You Start  
Symbols Used  
1
Before You Start  
1.1  
Symbols Used  
Table 1 lists the symbols used on the instrument or in this manual and the  
meaning of each symbol.  
Table 1 International Electrical Symbols  
Symbol  
Description  
AC (Alternating Current)  
AC-DC  
Battery  
Complies with European Union directives  
DC  
Double Insulated  
Electric Shock  
Fuse  
PE Ground  
Hot Surface (Burn Hazard)  
Read the User’s Manual (Important Information)  
Off  
On  
1
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
Symbol  
Description  
Canadian Standards Association  
OVERVOLTAGE (Installation) CATEGORY II, Pollution Degree 2 per IEC1010-1 re-  
fers to the level of Impulse Withstand Voltage protection provided. Equipment of  
OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY II is energy-consuming equipment to be supplied from  
the fixed installation. Examples include household, office, and laboratory appliances.  
C-TIC Australian EMC  
The European Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive  
(2002/96/EC) mark.  
1.2  
Safety Information  
Use the instrument only as specified in this manual. Otherwise, the protection  
provided by the instrument may be impaired. Refer to the safety information  
below and throughout the manual.  
The following definitions apply to the terms “Warning” and “Caution”.  
• “Warning” identifies conditions and actions that may pose hazards to the  
user.  
• “Caution” identifies conditions and actions that may damage the instru-  
ment being used.  
1.2.1  
WARNINGS  
To avoid personal injury, follow these guidelines.  
GENERAL  
• DO NOT use this instrument in environments other than those listed in  
the User’s Guide.  
• Inspect the instrument for damage before each use. DO NOT use the in-  
strument if it appears damaged or operates abnormally.  
• Follow all safety guidelines listed in the user’s manual.  
• Calibration Equipment should only be used by Trained Personnel.  
• If this equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer,  
the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.  
• Before initial use, or after transport, or after storage in humid or semi-hu-  
mid environments, or anytime the dry-well has not been energized for  
more than 10 days, the instrument needs to be energized for a "dry-out"  
period of 2 hours before it can be assumed to meet all of the safety re-  
quirements of the IEC 1010-1. If the product is wet or has been in a wet  
environment, take necessary measures to remove moisture prior to apply-  
2
 
 
1 Before You Start  
Safety Information  
ing power such as storage in a low humidity temperature chamber operat-  
ing at 50°C for 4 hours or more.  
• DO NOT use this instrument for any application other than calibration  
work. The instrument was designed for temperature calibration. Any other  
use of the instrument may cause unknown hazards to the user.  
• Completely unattended operation is not recommended.  
• Overhead clearance is required. DO NOT place the instrument under a  
cabinet or other structure. Always leave enough clearance to allow for  
safe and easy insertion and removal of probes.  
• If the instrument is used in a manner not in accordance with the equip-  
ment design, the operation of the dry-well may be impaired or safety haz-  
ards may arise.  
• This instrument is intended for indoor use only.  
BURN HAZARDS  
• DO NOT turn the instrument upside down with the inserts in place; the  
inserts will fall out.  
• DO NOT operate near flammable materials.  
• Use of this instrument at HIGH TEMPERATURES for extended periods  
of time requires caution.  
• DO NOT touch the well access surface of the instrument.  
• The block vent may be very hot due to the fan blowing across the heater  
block of the dry-well.  
• The temperature of the well access is the same as the actual display tem-  
perature, e.g. if the instrument is set to 700°C and the display reads  
700°C, the well is at 700°C.  
• For top loading dry-wells, the top sheet metal of the dry-well may exhibit  
extreme temperatures for areas close to the well access.  
• The air over the well can reach temperatures greater that 200°C for high  
temperature (400°C and higher) dry-wells. Note: Probes and inserts may  
be hot and should only be inserted and removed from the instrument  
when the instrument is set at temperatures less than 50°C. Use extreme  
care when removing hot inserts.  
• DO NOT turn off the instrument at temperatures higher than 100°C. This  
could create a hazardous situation. Select a set-point less than 100°C and  
allow the instrument to cool before turning it off.  
• The high temperatures present in dry-wells designed for operation at  
300°C and higher may result in fires and severe burns if safety precau-  
tions are not observed.  
• For compliance with IEC 1010-1, it is recommended that the cutout mode  
always be set to the manual mode requiring user intervention to reset the  
instrument.  
3
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
ELECTRICAL SHOCK  
• These guidelines must be followed to ensure that the safety mechanisms  
in this instrument will operate properly. This instrument must be plugged  
into a 115 VAC, 60Hz (230 VAC, 50Hz optional), AC only electric outlet.  
The power cord of the instrument is equipped with a three-pronged  
grounding plug for your protection against electrical shock hazards. It  
must be plugged directly into a properly grounded three-prong receptacle.  
The receptacle must be installed in accordance with local codes and ordi-  
nances. Consult a qualified electrician. DO NOT use an extension cord or  
adapter plug.  
• If supplied with user accessible fuses, always replace the fuse with one of  
the same rating, voltage, and type.  
• Always replace the power cord with an approved cord of the correct rat-  
ing and type.  
• HIGH VOLTAGE is used in the operation of this equipment. SEVERE  
INJURY or DEATH may result if personnel fail to observe safety precau-  
tions. Before working inside the equipment, turn power off and discon-  
nect power cord.  
1.2.2  
CAUTIONS  
• Always operate this instrument at room temperature between 41°F and  
122°F (5°C to 50°C). Allow sufficient air circulation by leaving at least 6  
inches (15 cm) of clearance around the instrument. Overhead clearance is  
required. DO NOT place unit under any structure.  
• Component lifetime can be shortened by continuous high temperature op-  
eration.  
• DO NOT leave the sleeve(s) in the instrument for prolonged periods. Due  
to the high operating temperatures of the instrument, the sleeves should be  
removed after each use and buffed with a Scotch-Brite® pad or emery  
cloth. (See Maintenance, Section .)  
• DO NOT apply any type of voltage to the display hold terminals. Apply-  
ing a voltage to the terminals may cause damage to the controller.  
• DO NOT use fluids to clean out the well. Fluids could leak into electron-  
ics and damage the instrument.  
• Never introduce any foreign material into the probe hole of the insert.  
Fluids, etc. can leak into the instrument causing damage.  
• DO NOT change the values of the calibration constants from the factory  
set values. The correct setting of these parameters is important to the  
safety and proper operation of the calibrator.  
• DO NOT slam the probe sheath in to the well. This type of action can  
cause a shock to the sensor and affect the calibration.  
4
 
 
1 Before You Start  
Authorized Service Centers  
• The instrument and any thermometer probes used with it are sensitive in-  
struments that can be easily damaged. Always handle these devices with  
care. DO NOT allow them to be dropped, struck, stressed, or overheated.  
• The Factory Reset Sequence (see Section 12.1, Troubleshooting) should  
be performed only by authorized personnel if no other action is successful  
in correcting a malfunction. You must have a copy of the most recent Re-  
port of Calibration to restore the calibration parameters.  
• DO NOT operate this instrument in an excessively wet, oily, dusty, or  
dirty environment. Always keep the well and inserts clean and clear of  
foreign material.  
• The dry-well is a precision instrument. Although it has been designed for  
optimum durability and trouble free operation, it must be handled with  
care. Always carry the instrument in an upright position to prevent the  
probe sleeves from dropping out. The convenient handle allows for hand  
carrying the instrument.  
• If a mains supply power fluctuation occurs, immediately turn off the in-  
strument. Power bumps from brown-outs could damage the instrument.  
Wait until the power has stabilized before re-energizing the instrument.  
• The probe and the block may expand at different rates. Allow for probe  
expansion inside the well as the block heats. Otherwise, the probe may  
become stuck in the well.  
• Most probes have handle temperature limits. Be sure that the probe handle  
temperature limit is not exceeded in the air above the instrument. If the  
probe handle limits are exceeded, the probe may be permanently dam-  
aged.  
1.3  
Authorized Service Centers  
Please contact one of the following authorized Service Centers to coordinate  
service on your Hart product:  
Fluke Corporation, Hart Scientific Division  
799 E. Utah Valley Drive  
American Fork, UT 84003-9775  
USA  
Phone: +1.801.763.1600  
Telefax: +1.801.763.1010  
E-mail: [email protected]  
Fluke Nederland B.V.  
Customer Support Services  
5
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
Science Park Eindhoven 5108  
5692 EC Son  
NETHERLANDS  
Phone: +31-402-675300  
Telefax: +31-402-675321  
E-mail: [email protected]  
Fluke Int'l Corporation  
Service Center - Instrimpex  
Room 2301 Sciteck Tower  
22 Jianguomenwai Dajie  
Chao Yang District  
Beijing 100004, PRC  
CHINA  
Phone: +86-10-6-512-3436  
Telefax: +86-10-6-512-3437  
E-mail: [email protected]  
Fluke South East Asia Pte Ltd.  
Fluke ASEAN Regional Office  
Service Center  
60 Alexandra Terrace #03-16  
The Comtech (Lobby D)  
118502  
SINGAPORE  
Phone: +65 6799-5588  
Telefax: +65 6799-5588  
E-mail: [email protected]  
When contacting these Service Centers for support, please have the following  
information available:  
• Model Number  
• Serial Number  
• Voltage  
• Complete description of the problem  
6
 
2 Introduction  
2
Introduction  
The Hart Scientific 9140 Mid-Range Field Calibrator may be used as a portable  
instrument or bench top temperature calibrator for calibrating thermocouple  
and RTD temperature probes. The 9140 is small enough to use in the field, and  
accurate enough to use in the lab.  
The instrument features:  
• Rapid heating and cooling  
• Interchangeable multiple hole aluminum probe sleeves  
• Convenient hand strap  
• RS-232 interface capability  
Built in programmable features include:  
• Temperature scan rate control  
• Temperature switch hold  
• Eight Setpoint memory  
• Adjustable readout in °C or °F  
The temperature is accurately controlled by Hart’s hybrid analog/digital con-  
troller. The controller uses a precision platinum RTD as a sensor and controls  
the well temperature with a solid state relay (triac) driven heater.  
The LED front panel continuously shows the current well temperature. The  
temperature may be easily set with the control buttons to any desired tempera-  
ture within the specified range. The instrument’s multiple fault protection de-  
vices insure user and instrument safety and protection.  
The 9140 dry-well calibrator was designed for portability, low cost, and ease of  
operation. Through proper use the instrument will provide continued accurate  
calibration of temperature sensors and devices. The user should be familiar  
with the safety guidelines and operating procedures of the calibrator as de-  
scribed in the instruction manual.  
7
 
 
3 Specifications and Environmental Conditions  
Specifications  
3
Specifications and Environmental  
Conditions  
3.1  
Specifications  
The following table lists the specifications for this instrument. Accuracy speci-  
fications are applicable for a one-year calibration interval. In line with normal  
prudent metrology practices, Hart Scientific recommends a short-cycle interval  
of six months for new units during the first year.  
115 VAC ( 10%), 4.4 A or 230 VAC ( 10%), 2.2 A, switchable 500 W  
5–50°C (41–122°F)  
Power  
Ambient Temperature  
Operating Range  
Resolution  
35–350°C (95–662°F)  
0.1°C or °F resolution  
Switchable°C or °F  
Readout  
Accuracy  
0.5°C ( 0.9°F), in holes greater than 1/4" (6.35 mm) accuracy is 1°C  
( 1.8°F)  
Stability  
0.03°C at 50°C, 0.05°C at 350°C  
0.4°C typical, 0.1°C with similarly sized wells  
Digital controller with data retention  
500W  
Uniformity  
Controller  
Heater  
12 minutes from ambient to 350°C  
15 minutes from 350°C to 100°C  
2 speed internal fan  
Heating Time  
Cooling Time  
Cooling  
7 minutes  
Stabilization Time  
Immersion Depth  
Fault Protection  
124 mm (4.88 inches)  
Sensor burnout and short protection, over temperature thermal cut-out, elec-  
trical fuses  
31.8 mm dia. x 123.7 mm deep (1.25" x 4.87"). Multi-hole inserts are  
available.  
Test Wells  
152.4 mm H x 85.7 mm W x 196.9 mm D (6" x 3.375" x 7.75")  
2.7 kg (6 lbs.)  
Exterior Dimension  
Weight  
115 V: 6 A (fast acting), 250 V  
230 V: 3.15 A (fast acting), 250 V  
Fuse Rating  
OVERVOLTAGE (Installation) CATEGORY II, Pollution Degree 2 per  
IEC1010-1  
Safety  
3.2  
Environmental Conditions  
Although the instrument has been designed for optimum durability and trou-  
ble-free operation, it must be handled with care. The instrument should not be  
9
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
operated in an excessively dusty or dirty environment. Maintenance and clean-  
ing recommendations can be found in the Maintenance Section of this manual.  
The instrument operates safely under the following conditions:  
• temperature range: 5–50°C (41–122°F)  
• ambient relative humidity: 15–50%  
• pressure: 75kPa–106kPa  
• mains voltage within 10% of nominal  
• vibrations in the calibration environment should be minimized  
• altitude does not effect the performance or safety of the unit  
3.3  
Warranty  
Fluke Corporation, Hart Scientific Division (Hart) warrants this product to be  
free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service  
for a period as stated in our current product catalog from the date of shipment.  
This warranty extends only to the original purchaser and shall not apply to any  
product which, in Hart’s sole opinion, has been subject to misuse, alteration,  
abuse or abnormal conditions of operation or handling.  
Software is warranted to operate in accordance with its programmed instruc-  
tions on appropriate Hart products. It is not warranted to be error free.  
Hart’s obligation under this warranty is limited to repair or replacement of a  
product which is returned to Hart within the warranty period and is determined,  
upon examination by Hart, to be defective. If Hart determines that the defect or  
malfunction has been caused by misuse, alteration, abuse or abnormal condi-  
tions or operation or handling, Hart will repair the product and bill the pur-  
chaser for the reasonable cost of repair.  
To exercise this warranty, contact an Authorized Service Center (see Section  
1.3). Service Centers assume NO risk for in-transit damage.  
THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS PURCHASER’S SOLE AND EXCLU-  
SIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EX-  
PRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY  
IMPLIED WARRANTY OR MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR ANY  
PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE. HART SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR  
ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAM-  
AGES OR LOSS WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE.  
10  
 
 
4 Quick Start  
Unpacking  
4
Quick Start  
4.1  
Unpacking  
Unpack the dry-well carefully and inspect it for any damage that may have oc-  
curred during shipment. If there is shipping damage, notify the carrier  
immediately.  
Verify that the following components are present:  
• 9140 Dry-well  
• Insert  
• Insert Removal Tool  
• Power Cord  
• Serial Cable  
• User's Guide  
• 9930 Software Package  
4.2  
Set-Up  
Place the calibrator on a flat surface with at least 6 inches of free space around  
the instrument. Plug the power cord into a grounded mains outlet. Observe that  
the nominal voltage corresponds to that indicated on the back of the calibrator.  
Carefully insert the probe sleeve into the well. Probe sleeves should be of the  
smallest hole diameter possible still allowing the probe to slide in and out eas-  
ily. Sleeves of various sizes are available from Hart Scientific. The well must be  
clear of any foreign objects, dirt and grit before the sleeve is inserted. The  
sleeve is inserted with the two small tong holes positioned upward.  
Turn on the power to the calibrator by toggling the switch on the power entry  
module. The fan should begin quietly blowing air through the instrument and  
the controller display should illuminate after 3 seconds. After a brief self test  
the controller should begin normal operation. If the unit fails to operate please  
check the power connection.  
The display will begin to show the well temperature and the well heater will  
start operating to bring the temperature of the well to the set-point temperature.  
After using the calibrator, allow the well to cool by setting the temperature to  
25°C and waiting for the instrument to reach temperature before turning the in-  
strument off.  
4.3  
Power  
Plug the dry-well power cord into a mains outlet of the proper voltage, fre-  
quency, and current capability. Refer to Section 3.1, Specifications, for power  
details. Turn the dry-well on using the rear panel “POWER” switch. The  
11  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
dry-well will turn on and begin to heat to the previously programmed tempera-  
ture set-point. The front panel LED display will indicate the actual dry-well  
temperature.  
4.4  
Setting the Temperature  
Section 7.2 explains in detail how to set the temperature set-point on the cali-  
brator using the front panel keys. The procedure is summarized here.  
(1) Press “SET” twice to access the set-point value.  
(2) Press “UP” or “DOWN” to change the set-point value.  
(3) Press “SET” to program in the new set-point.  
(4) Press “EXIT” to return to the temperature display.  
When the set-point temperature is changed the controller will switch the well  
heater on or off to raise or lower the temperature. The displayed well tempera-  
ture will gradually change until it reaches the set-point temperature. The well  
may require 5 to 10 minutes to reach the set-point depending on the span. An-  
other 5 to 10 minutes is required to stabilize within 0.1°C of the set-point. Ul-  
timate stability may take 15 to 20 minutes more of stabilization time.  
12  
 
 
5 Parts and Controls  
Rear Panel  
5
Parts and Controls  
The user should become familiar with the dry-well calibrator and its parts:  
5.1  
Rear Panel  
Figure 1 on page 13.  
Power Cord - At the rear of the calibrator is the removable power cord inlet  
that plugs into an IEC grounded socket.  
Power Switch - The power switch is located on the power entry module  
(PEM). The PEM also houses the fuses and the dual voltage selector. The PEM  
and Heater Voltage Switch (see below) allow the unit to be field switchable for  
115 VAC ( 10%) or 230 VAC ( 10%) operation.  
Heater Voltage Switch - To be used only when changing the input voltage.  
(See Section 6.3 for instructions on changing the input voltage.)  
Note: The input voltage and heater voltage switch settings should always be the  
same value.  
Serial Port - A DB-9 male connector is present for interfacing the calibrator to  
a computer or terminal with serial RS-232 communications.  
Fan - The fan inside the calibrator runs continuously when the unit is being op-  
erated to provide cooling for the instrument. It has two speeds, a slow speed for  
control operation and a faster speed for rapid cooling. Slots at the top and  
Figure 1 9140 Back Panel  
13  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
around the two corners of the calibrator are provided for airflow. The area  
around the calibrator must be kept clear to allow adequate ventilation. The air-  
flow is directed upward and as a result, can be extremely hot.  
5.2  
Front Panel  
Figure 2 on page 14.  
Controller Display - The digital display is an important part of the temperature  
controller because it not only displays set and actual temperatures but also vari-  
ous calibrator functions, settings, and constants. The display shows tempera-  
tures in units according to the selected scale °C or °F.  
Controller Keypad - The four button keypad allows easy setting of the  
set-point temperature. The control buttons (SET, DOWN, UP, and EXIT) are  
used to set the calibrator temperature set-point, access and set other operating  
parameters, and access and set calibration parameters.  
Setting the control temperature is done directly in degrees of the current scale.  
It can be set to one-tenth of a degree Celsius or Fahrenheit.  
The functions of the buttons are as follows:  
SET – Used to display the next parameter in the menu and to store parameters  
to the displayed value.  
DOWN – Used to decrement the displayed value of parameters.  
UP – Used to increment the displayed value.  
Figure 2 9140 Front Panel  
14  
 
 
5 Parts and Controls  
Constant Temperature Block Assembly  
EXIT – Used to exit a function and to skip to the next function. Any changes  
made to the displayed value are ignored.  
5.3  
Constant Temperature Block Assembly  
Figure 3 on page 15.  
5.3.1  
Constant Temperature Block  
The “Block” is made of aluminum and provides a relatively constant and accu-  
rate temperature environment in which the sensor that is to be calibrated is in-  
serted. A 1.25 inch diameter well is provided that may be used for sensors of  
that size or may be sleeved down with various sized multi-hole probe sleeves.  
Heaters surround the block assembly and provides even heat to the sensor. A  
high-temperature platinum RTD is imbedded at the base of the block assembly  
to sense and control the temperature of the block. The entire assembly is sus-  
pended in an air cooled chamber thermally isolated from the chassis and  
electronics.  
CAUTION: The block vent cover may be very hot due to the fan blowing  
upward. Please use caution.  
5.3.2  
Probe Sleeves and Tongs  
The calibrator is supplied with a multi-hole aluminum probe sleeve for inser-  
tion into the calibrator well and tongs for removing sleeves. Probe sleeves of  
various hole sizes are available to allow the user’s probe to fit snugly into the  
well whatever the diameter of the probe.  
One insert, whichever is ordered, is shipped with the unit:  
• Insert A (variety block): 1/2”, 3/8”,3/16”,1/8”, and 1/16” holes  
• Insert B (comparison block): 2 3/8”,2 1/4”, and 2 3/16” holes  
• Insert C (1/4” comparison block): 6 1/4” holes  
or  
Insert “A”  
Insert “B”  
Insert “C”  
Insert “D”  
1/16"  
1/4"  
1/4"  
1/4"  
4 mm  
3/16"  
3 mm  
3/8"  
1/2"  
3/8"  
3/8"  
6 mm  
6 mm  
3 mm  
3/16"  
4 mm  
3/16"  
1/4"  
1/8"  
Figure 3 Inserts available for the 9140 block assembly  
15  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
• Insert D (comparison block): 2 each at 3 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm  
16  
 
6 General Operation  
Calibrator Set-Up  
6
General Operation  
6.1  
Calibrator Set-Up  
Place the calibrator on a flat surface with at least 6 inches of free space around  
the instrument. Overhead clearance is required. DO NOT place under a cabinet  
or other structure.Plug the power cord into a grounded mains outlet. Observe  
that the nominal voltage corresponds to that indicated on the back of the  
calibrator.  
Gently insert the probe sleeve into the well. The probe sleeve should be of the  
smallest hole size possible while allowing the probe to slide in and out easily.  
Sleeves of various sizes are available from the manufacturer. The well must be  
clear of any foreign objects, dirt and grit before the sleeve is inserted. The  
sleeve is inserted with the two small tong holes positioned upward.  
Turn on the power to the calibrator by toggling the switch at the rear of the in-  
strument to the “l” (on) position. The fan will begin circulating air through the  
instrument. After a brief self test the controller should begin normal operation  
showing the well temperature. The block will heat or cool until it reaches the  
programmed set-point.  
6.2  
Changing Display Units  
The 9140 can display temperature in Celsius or Fahrenheit. The temperature  
units are shipped from the factory set to Celsius. To change to Fahrenheit or  
back to Celsius there are two ways:  
1 - Press the “SET” and “UP” simultaneously. This will change display units.  
2 - Press the “SET” key three times from the temperature display to show  
Un= C  
Press the “UP” or “DOWN” key to change units.  
6.3  
Switching to 230 V Operation  
The 9140 is switchable from 115 VAC to 230 VAC 50/60 Hz. Switching the  
voltage can change the calibration, so it is recommended to recalibrate the unit  
after changing the input voltage.  
To change from 115 VAC to 230 VAC:  
• Unplug the unit  
• With a small straight slot screwdriver remove the fuse holder located on  
the rear panel. Replace the two 6 amps fuses with 3 amp 250 V fuses.  
• Replace the fuse holder with the “230V” in the display window.  
17  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
• Using the same straight slot screwdriver, move the heater switch to dis-  
play “230V”. See the rear panel drawing in Figure 1 on page 13.  
NOTE: If the heater switch and the fuse holder do not both read 230V when  
complete, the unit will either not heat or only heat at a fraction of its capacity.  
If not done properly, the unit could become damaged and void the calibration  
and warranty.  
CAUTION: DO NOT plug the unit into 230 V if the heater switch and fuse  
holder read 115. This will cause the fuse to blow and may damage the in-  
strument.  
6.4  
Setting the Temperature  
Section 7.2 explains in detail how to set the temperature set-point on the cali-  
brator using the front panel keys. The procedure is summarized here.  
(1) Press “SET” twice to access the set-point value.  
(2) Press “UP” or “DOWN” to change the set-point value.  
(3) Press “SET” to program in the new set-point.  
(4) Press “EXIT” to return to the temperature display.  
When the set-point temperature is changed the controller will switch the well  
heater on or off to raise or lower the temperature. The cycle indicator, a two  
color LED, will also indicate on (red and heating) or off (green and cooling).  
The displayed well temperature will gradually change until it reaches the  
set-point temperature. The well may require 5 to 20 minutes to reach the  
set-point depending on the span. Another 5 to 10 minutes is required for the  
temperature to stabilize.  
6.5  
Calibrating Probes  
The dry-well block provides a constant temperature environment in which  
probes may be compared. The probes inserted into the block may be compared  
to the well temperature displayed on the front panel of the calibrator. The  
probes should be inserted the full depth of the well since the temperature at the  
bottom of the well will most closely agree with the displayed temperature.  
For greater accuracy the probes may be compared to a reference thermometer  
inserted into the block. The reference thermometer may be inserted into one  
hole while the probes to be calibrated are inserted into another. The drawback  
to this method is that because of temperature variations throughout the block  
there may be a small temperature difference between one hole and another  
which can cause errors.  
18  
 
 
6 General Operation  
Calibrating Probes  
Using the same hole for the reference thermometer and the test probe may have  
better results. This however requires switching the probes which takes more  
time. One must allow a few minutes after inserting the probes for the tempera-  
ture to stabilize before making measurements. Because of temperature varia-  
tions along the length of the well, best results are obtained when comparing  
probes of similar construction and inserting them the same depth into the well.  
19  
 
7 Controller Operation  
Well Temperature  
7
Controller Operation  
This chapter discusses in detail how to operate the dry-well temperature con-  
troller using the front control panel. Using the front panel key-switches and  
LED display the user may monitor the well temperature, set the temperature  
set-point in degrees C or F, monitor the heater output power, adjust the control-  
ler proportional band, and program the calibration parameters, operating pa-  
rameters, and serial interface configuration. Operation of the functions and  
parameters are shown in the flowchart in Figure 4 on page 22. This chart may  
be copied for reference.  
In the following discussion a button with the word SET, UP, EXIT or DOWN  
inside indicates the panel button while the dotted box indicates the display  
reading. Explanation of the button or display reading are to the right of each  
button or display value.  
7.1  
Well Temperature  
The digital LED display on the front panel allows direct viewing of the actual  
well temperature. This temperature value is what is normally shown on the dis-  
play. The units, C or F, of the temperature value are displayed at the right. For  
example,  
Well temperature in degrees Celsius  
100.0 C  
The temperature display function may be accessed from any other function by  
pressing the “EXIT” button.  
7.2  
Temperature Set-point  
The temperature set-point can be set to any value within the range and with res-  
olution as given in the specifications. Be careful not to exceed the safe upper  
temperature limit of any device inserted into the well.  
Setting the temperature involves two steps: (1) select the set-point memory and  
(2) adjust the set-point value.  
7.2.1  
Programmable Set-points  
The controller stores 8 set-point temperatures in memory. The set-points can be  
quickly recalled to conveniently set the calibrator to a previously programmed  
temperature set-point.  
To set the temperature one must first select the set-point memory. This function  
is accessed from the temperature display function by pressing “SET”. The  
number of the set-point memory currently being used is shown at the left on the  
display followed by the current set-point value.  
21  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
Figure 4 Controller Operation Flowchart  
22  
 
 
7 Controller Operation  
Temperature Set-point  
Well temperature in degrees Celsius  
100.0 C  
Access set-point memory  
Set-point memory 1, 100°C currently used  
To change to another set-point memory press “UP” or “DOWN”.  
New set-point memory 4, 300°C  
S
1. 100.  
4. 300.  
Press “SET” to accept the new selection and access the set-point value.  
Accept selected set-point memory  
S
7.2.2  
Set-point Value  
The set-point value may be adjusted after selecting the set-point memory and  
pressing “SET”.  
Set-point 4 value in°C  
4. 200.  
If the set-point value need not be changed then press “EXIT” to resume dis-  
playing the well temperature. To change the set-point value, press “SET” and  
then press “UP” or “DOWN.”  
New set-point value  
220.0  
When the desired set-point value is reached press “SET” to accept the new  
value and access the temperature scale units selection. If “EXIT” is pressed in-  
stead then any changes made to the set-point will be ignored.  
Accept new set-point value  
S
7.2.3  
Temperature Scale Units  
The temperature scale units of the controller maybe set by the user to degrees  
Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F). The units are used in displaying the well tem-  
perature, set-point, and proportional band.  
Press “SET” after adjusting the set-point value to change display units.  
Un= C  
Scale units currently selected  
Press “UP” or “DOWN” to change the units.  
23  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
Un= F  
New units selected  
7.3  
Scan  
The scan rate can be set and enabled so that when the set-point is changed the  
dry-well heats or cools at a specified rate (degrees per minute) until it reaches  
the new set-point. With the scan disabled the dry-well heats or cools at the  
maximum possible rate.  
7.3.1  
Scan Control  
The scan is controlled with the scan on/off function that appears in the main  
menu after the temperature scale units.  
Scan function off  
Press “UP” or “DOWN” to toggle the scan on or off.  
Scan function on  
Sc=OFF  
Sc=On  
Press “SET” to accept the present setting and continue.  
Accept scan setting  
S
7.3.2  
Scan Rate  
The next function in the main menu is the scan rate. The scan rate can be set  
from .1 to 99.9°C/min. The maximum scan rate however is actually limited by  
the natural heating or cooling rate of the instrument. This is often less than  
100°C/min, especially when cooling.  
The scan rate function appears in the main menu after the scan control function.  
The scan rate units are in degrees per minute, degrees C or F depending on the  
selected units.  
Scan rate in°C/min  
Press “UP” or “DOWN” to change the scan rate.  
New scan rate  
Sr= 10.0  
Sr= 2.0  
Press “SET” to accept the new scan rate and continue.  
Accept scan rate  
S
24  
 
 
7 Controller Operation  
Temperature Display Hold  
7.4  
Temperature Display Hold  
The 9140 has a display hold function which allows action of an external switch  
to freeze the displayed temperature and stop the set-point from scanning. This  
is useful for testing thermal switches and cutouts. This section explains the  
functions available for operating the temperature hold feature. An example fol-  
lows showing how to set up and use the hold feature to test a switch.  
7.4.1  
Hold Temperature Display  
The hold feature is enabled by simply pressing the “UP” button. The hold tem-  
perature display shows the hold temperature on the right and the switch status  
on the left. For the status “c” means the switch is closed and “o” means the  
switch is open. The status flashes when the switch is in its active position (op-  
posite the normal position). The hold temperature shows what the temperature  
of the well was when the switch changed from its normal position to its active  
position. While the switch is in the normal position the hold temperature will  
follow the well temperature. Operation of the hold temperature display is out-  
lined below.  
Well temperature display  
143.5 C  
Access hold display  
Switch status and hold temperature  
U
c 144.8  
To return to the normal well temperature display press “DOWN”.  
7.4.2  
Mode Setting  
The Hold Function is always in the automatic mode. In this mode the normal  
position is set to whatever the switch position is when the set-point is changed.  
For example, if the switch is currently open when the set-point is changed, the  
closed position then becomes the new active position. The normal position is  
set automatically under any of the following conditions, (1) a new set-point  
number is selected, (2) the set-point value is changed, (3) a new set-point is set  
through the communications channels.  
The operating mode of the temperature hold is set in the primary menu after the  
scan rate setting.  
7.4.3  
Switch Wiring  
The thermal switch or cutout is wired to the calibrator at the two terminals in  
the front of the dry-well calibrator labeled “SWITCH HOLD”. The switch  
wires may be connected to the terminals either way. Internally the black termi-  
nal connects to ground. The red terminal connects to +5V through a 100 kΩ re-  
25  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
sistor. The calibrator measures the voltage at the red terminal and interprets  
+5V as open and 0V as closed.  
7.4.4  
Switch Test Example  
This section describes a possible application for the temperature hold feature  
and how the instrument is set up and operated.  
Suppose you have a thermal switch which is supposed to open at about 75°C  
and close at about 50°C and you want to test the switch to see how accurate and  
repeatable it is. You can use the temperature hold feature and the scan function  
to test the switch. Measurements can be made by observing the display or, pref-  
erably, by collecting data using a computer connected to the RS-232 port. To  
set up the test do the following steps.  
1. Connect the switch wires to the terminals on the front of the dry-well and  
place the switch in the well.  
2. Enable set-point scanning by setting the scan to “ON” in the primary menu  
(see section 7.3.1).  
3. Set the scan rate to a low value, say 1.0°C/min. (see section 7.3.2). If the  
scan rate is too high you may lose accuracy because of transient temperature  
gradients. If the scan rate is too low the duration of the test may be longer than  
is necessary. You may need to experiment to find the best scan rate.  
4. Set the first program set-point to a value below the expected lower switch  
temperature, say 40°C, in the program menu.  
5. Set the second program set-point to a value above the expected upper switch  
temperature, say 90°C.  
6. Set the program soak time to allow enough time to collect a number of data  
points, say 2 minutes.  
7. Collect data on a computer connected to the RS-232 port. Refer to Section 8  
for instructions on configuring the RS-232 communications interface.  
7.5  
Secondary Menu  
Functions which are used less often are accessed within the secondary menu.  
The secondary menu is accessed by pressing “SET” and “EXIT” simulta-  
neously and then releasing. The first function in the secondary menu is the  
heater power display. (See Figure 4.)  
7.5.1  
Heater Power  
The temperature controller controls the temperature of the well by pulsing the  
heater on and off. The total power being applied to the heater is determined by  
the duty cycle or the ratio of heater on time to the pulse cycle time. By knowing  
the amount of heating the user can tell if the calibrator is heating up to the  
set-point, cooling down, or controlling at a constant temperature. Monitoring  
the percent heater power will let the user know how stable the well temperature  
26  
 
 
7 Controller Operation  
Secondary Menu  
is. With good control stability the percent heating power should not fluctuate  
more than 1% within one minute.  
The heater power display is accessed in the secondary menu. Press “SET” and  
“EXIT” simultaneously and release. The heater power will be displayed as a  
percentage of full power.  
Well temperature  
100.0 C  
+
Access heater power in secondary menu  
S E  
SEC  
Flashes SEC for secondary menu and then displays the  
heater power  
Heater power in percent  
12.0P  
To exit out of the secondary menu press “EXIT”. To continue on to the propor-  
tional band setting function press “SET”.  
7.5.2  
Proportional Band  
In a proportional controller such as this the heater output power is proportional  
to the well temperature over a limited range of temperatures around the  
set-point. This range of temperature is called the proportional band. At the bot-  
tom of the proportional band the heater output is 100%. At the top of the pro-  
portional band the heater output is 0. Thus as the temperature rises the heater  
power is reduced, which consequently tends to lower the temperature back  
down. In this way the temperature is maintained at a fairly constant level.  
Proportional Band too Narrow  
Proportional Band too Wide  
Optimum Proportional Band  
Figure 5 Well temperature fluctuation at various proportional band settings  
27  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
The temperature stability of the well and response time depend on the width of  
the proportional band. If the band is too wide the well temperature will deviate  
excessively from the set-point due to varying external conditions. This is be-  
cause the power output changes very little with temperature and the controller  
cannot respond very well to changing conditions or noise in the system. If the  
proportional band is too narrow the temperature may swing back and forth be-  
cause the controller overreacts to temperature variations. For best control stabil-  
ity the proportional band must be set for the optimum width.  
The proportional band width is set at the factory to about 15.0°C. The propor-  
tional band width may be altered by the user if he desires to optimize the con-  
trol characteristics for a particular application.  
The proportional band width is easily adjusted from the front panel. The width  
may be set to discrete values in degrees C or F depending on the selected units.  
The proportional band adjustment is be accessed within the secondary menu.  
Press “SET” and “EXIT” to enter the secondary menu and show the heater  
power. Then press “SET” to access the proportional band.  
+
Access heater power in secondary menu  
S E  
SEC  
Flashes SEC for secondary menu and then displays the  
heater power  
Heater power in percent  
12.0P  
Access proportional band  
Flashes Prop then displays the setting  
Proportional band setting  
S
PROP  
4.1  
To change the proportional band press “UP” or “DOWN”.  
New proportional band setting  
10.0  
To accept the new setting press “SET”. Press “EXIT” to continue without stor-  
ing the new value.  
Accept the new proportional band setting  
S
28  
 
7 Controller Operation  
Controller Configuration  
7.6  
Controller Configuration  
The controller has a number of configuration and operating options and calibra-  
tion parameters which are programmable via the front panel. These are ac-  
cessed from the secondary menu after the proportional band function by  
pressing “SET”. Pressing “SET” again enters the first of three sets of configu-  
ration parameters — calibration parameters, operating parameters and serial in-  
terface parameters. The menus are selected using the “UP” and “DOWN” keys  
and then pressing “SET”.  
7.6.1  
Calibration Parameters  
The operator of the instrument controller has access to a number of the calibra-  
tion constants namely R0, ALPHA, and DELTA. These values are set at the  
factory and must not be altered. The correct values are important to the accu-  
racy and proper and safe operation of the instrument. Access to these parame-  
ters is available to the user so that in the event that the controller memory fails  
the user may restore these values to the factory settings. The user should have a  
list of these constants and their settings with the instrument manual.  
CAUTION: DO NOT change the values of the instrument calibration con-  
stants from the factory set values. The correct setting of these parameters  
is important to the safety and proper operation of the instrument.  
The calibration parameters menu is indicated by,  
CAL  
Calibration parameters menu  
Press “SET” five times to enter the menu. The calibration parameters menu  
contains the parameters, R0, ALPHA, and DELTA, which characterize the re-  
sistance-temperature relationship of the platinum control sensor. These parame-  
ters may be adjusted to improve the accuracy of the calibrator. This procedure  
is explained in detail in Section 10, Calibration Procedure.  
The calibration parameters are accessed by pressing “SET” after the name of  
the parameter is displayed. The value of the parameter may be changed using  
the “UP” and “DOWN” buttons. After the desired value is reached press “SET”  
to set the parameter to the new value. Pressing “EXIT” causes the parameter to  
be skipped ignoring any changes that may have been made.  
7.6.1.1  
R0  
This probe parameter refers to the resistance of the control probe at 0°C. The  
value of this parameter is set at the factory for best instrument accuracy.  
29  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
7.6.1.2  
7.6.1.3  
ALPHA  
This probe parameter refers to the average sensitivity of the probe between 0  
and 100°C. The value of this parameter is set at the factory for best instrument  
accuracy.  
DELTA  
This probe parameter characterizes the curvature of the resistance-temperature  
relationship of the sensor. The value of this parameter is set at the factory for  
best instrument accuracy.  
7.7  
7.8  
Operating Parameters  
The operating parameters menu is indicated by,  
Operating parameters menu  
PAr  
The operating parameters menu contains NOTHING AT PRESENT.  
Serial Interface Parameters  
The serial RS-232 interface parameters menu is indicated by,  
Serial RS-232 interface parameters menu  
SErIAL  
Press “UP” to enter the menu. The serial interface parameters menu contains  
parameters which determine the operation of the serial interface. These controls  
only apply to instruments fitted with the serial interface. The parameters in the  
menu are — baud rate, sample period, duplex mode, and linefeed.  
7.8.0.1  
Baud Rate  
The baud rate is the first parameter in the menu. The baud rate setting deter-  
mines the serial communications transmission rate.  
The baud rate parameter is indicated by,  
bAUd  
Serial baud rate parameter  
Press “SET” to choose to set the baud rate. The current baud rate value will  
then be displayed.  
Current baud rate  
2400 b  
The baud rate of the serial communications may be programmed to 300, 600,  
1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600 baud. The default factory setting is 2400 baud. Use  
“UP” or “DOWN” to change the BAUD rate value.  
30  
 
 
7 Controller Operation  
Serial Interface Parameters  
New baud rate  
4800 b  
Press “SET” to set the baud rate to the new value or “EXIT” to abort the opera-  
tion and skip to the next parameter in the menu.  
7.8.1  
Sample Period  
The sample period is the next parameter in the serial interface parameter menu.  
The sample period is the time period in seconds between temperature measure-  
ments transmitted from the serial interface. If the sample rate is set to 5, the in-  
strument transmits the current measurement over the serial interface  
approximately every five seconds. The automatic sampling is disabled with a  
sample period of 0. The sample period is indicated by,  
Serial sample period parameter  
SPEr  
Press “SET” to choose to set the sample period. The current sample period  
value will be displayed.  
Current sample period (seconds)  
SP= 1  
Adjust the value with “UP” or “DOWN” and then use “SET” to set the sample  
rate to the displayed value. Press “EXIT” to continue without changes.  
New sample period  
SP= 60  
7.8.1.1  
Duplex Mode  
The next parameter is the duplex mode. The duplex mode may be set to full du-  
plex or half duplex. With full duplex any commands received by the calibrator  
via the serial interface are immediately echoed or transmitted back to the device  
of origin. With half duplex the commands are executed but not echoed. The du-  
plex mode parameter is indicated by,  
Serial duplex mode parameter  
Press “SET” to access the mode setting.  
dUPL  
Current duplex mode setting  
d=FULL  
The mode may be changed using “UP” or “DOWN” and pressing “SET”.  
New duplex mode setting  
d=HALF  
31  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
7.8.1.2  
Linefeed  
The final parameter in the serial interface menu is the linefeed mode. This pa-  
rameter enables (on) or disables (off) transmission of a linefeed character (LF,  
ASCII 10) after transmission of any carriage-return. The linefeed parameter is  
indicated by,  
Serial linefeed parameter  
Press “SET” to access the linefeed parameter.  
Current linefeed setting  
The mode may be changed using “UP” or “DOWN” and pressing “SET”.  
New linefeed setting  
LF  
LF= On  
LF= OFF  
32  
 
 
8 Digital Communication Interface  
Serial Communications  
8
Digital Communication Interface  
The dry-well calibrator is capable of communicating with and being controlled  
by other equipment through the digital serial interface.  
With a digital interface the instrument may be connected to a computer or other  
equipment. This allows the user to set the set-point temperature, monitor the  
temperature, and access any of the other controller functions, all using remote  
communications equipment. Communications commands are summarized in  
Table 2 on page 36.  
8.1  
Serial Communications  
The calibrator is installed with an RS-232 serial interface that allows serial dig-  
ital communications over fairly long distances. With the serial interface the user  
may access any of the functions, parameters and settings discussed in Section 7  
with the exception of the BAUD rate setting.  
8.1.1  
Wiring  
The serial communications cable attaches to the calibrator through the D-9 con-  
nector at the back of the instrument. Figure 6 shows the pin-out of this connec-  
tor and suggested cable wiring. The serial cable should be shielded. If the unit  
is used in a heavy industrial setting  
the shielded cable must be limited to  
ONE meter.  
8.1.2  
Setup  
Before operation the serial interface  
must first be set up by programming  
the BAUD rate and other configura-  
tion parameters. These parameters are  
programmed within the serial inter-  
face menu. The serial interface pa-  
rameters menu is outlined in Figure 4  
on page 22.  
To enter the serial parameter program-  
ming mode first press “EXIT” while  
pressing “SET” and release to enter  
the secondary menu. Press “SET” re-  
peatedly until the display reads  
“CAL”. Press “UP” until the serial in-  
terface menu is indicated with “SE-  
rIAL”. Finally press “SET” to enter  
the serial parameter menu. In the se-  
Figure 6 Serial Cable Wiring  
33  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
rial interface parameters menu are the BAUD rate, the sample rate, the duplex  
mode, and the linefeed parameter.  
8.1.2.1  
8.1.2.2  
8.1.2.3  
Baud Rate  
The baud rate is the first parameter in the menu. The display will prompt with  
the baud rate parameter by showing “BAUd”. Press “SET” to choose to set the  
baud rate. The current baud rate value will then be displayed. The baud rate of  
the 9140 serial communications may be programmed to 300, 600, 1200, 2400,  
4800, or 9600 baud. The baud rate is pre-programmed to 1200 baud. Use “UP”  
or “DOWN” to change the baud rate value. Press “SET” to set the baud rate to  
the new value or “EXIT” to abort the operation and skip to the next parameter  
in the menu.  
Sample Period  
The sample period is the next parameter in the menu and prompted with  
“SPEr”. The sample period is the time period in seconds between temperature  
measurements transmitted from the serial interface. If the sample rate is set to 5  
for instance then the instrument will transmit the current measurement over the  
serial interface approximately every five seconds. The automatic sampling is  
disabled with a sample period of 0. Press “SET” to choose to set the sample pe-  
riod. Adjust the period with “UP” or “DOWN” and then use “SET” to set the  
sample rate to the displayed value.  
Duplex Mode  
The next parameter is the duplex mode indicated with “dUPL”. The duplex  
mode may be set to half duplex (“HALF”) or full duplex (“FULL”). With full  
duplex any commands received by the thermometer via the serial interface are  
immediately echoed or transmitted back to the device of origin. With half du-  
plex the commands are executed but not echoed. The default setting is full du-  
plex. The mode may be changed using “UP” or “DOWN” and pressing “SET”.  
8.1.2.4  
Linefeed  
The final parameter in the serial interface menu is the linefeed mode. This pa-  
rameter enables (“On”) or disables (“OFF”) transmission of a linefeed charac-  
ter (LF, ASCII 10) after transmission of any carriage-return. The default setting  
is with linefeed on. The mode may be changed using “UP” or “DOWN” and  
pressing “SET”.  
8.1.3  
Serial Operation  
Once the cable has been attached and the interface set up properly the control-  
ler immediately begins transmitting temperature readings at the programmed  
rate. The serial communications uses 8 data bits, one stop bit, and no parity.  
The set-point and other commands may be sent via the serial interface to set the  
temperature set-point and view or program the various parameters. The inter-  
34  
 
 
8 Digital Communication Interface  
Interface Commands  
face commands are discussed in Section. All commands are ASCII character  
strings terminated with a carriage-return character (CR, ASCII 13).  
8.2  
Interface Commands  
The various commands for accessing the calibrator functions via the digital in-  
terfaces are listed in this section (see Table 2). These commands are used with  
the RS-232 serial interface. The commands are terminated with a carriage-re-  
turn character. The interface makes no distinction between upper and lower  
case letters, hence either may be used. Commands may be abbreviated to the  
minimum number of letters which determines a unique command. A command  
may be used to either set a parameter or display a parameter depending on  
whether or not a value is sent with the command following a “=” character. For  
example “s”<CR> returns the current set-point and “s=150.0”<CR> sets the  
set-point to 150.0 degrees.  
In the following list of commands, characters or data within brackets, “[” and  
“]”, are optional for the command. A slash, “/”, denotes alternate characters or  
data. Numeric data, denoted by “n”, may be entered in decimal or exponential  
notation. Characters are shown in lower case although upper case may be used.  
Spaces may be added within command strings and will simply be ignored.  
Backspace (BS, ASCII 8) may be used to erase the previous character. A termi-  
nating CR is implied with all commands.  
35  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
Table 2 9140 controller communications commands  
Command  
Format  
Command  
Example  
Returned  
Example  
Acceptable  
Values  
Command Description  
Display Temperature  
Read current set-point  
Set current set-point to n  
Returned  
s[etpoint]  
s
set: 9999.99 {C or F}  
set: 150.00 C  
s[etpoint]=n  
s=350  
Instrument  
Range  
Read temperature  
t[emperature]  
u[nits]  
t
t: 9999.9 {C or F}  
u: x  
t: 55.6 C  
u: C  
Read temperature units  
Set temperature units:  
Set temperature units to Celsius  
u
C or F  
u[nits]=c/f  
u[nits]=c  
u=c  
u=f  
Set temperature units to  
Fahrenheit  
u[nits]=f  
Read scan mode  
Set scan mode  
Read scan rate  
Set scan rate  
Read hold  
sc[an]  
sc  
sc: {ON or OFF}  
srat: 99.9 C/min  
sc: ON  
sc[an]=on/off  
sr[ate]  
sc=on  
sr  
ON or OFF  
.1 to 99.9  
srat:12.4 C/min  
sr[ate]=n  
ho[ld]  
sr=1.1  
ho  
ho: open/closed, 99.9 {C ho: open,  
or F}  
30.5 C  
Secondary Menu  
Read proportional band setting  
Set proportional band to n  
pr[op-band]  
pr  
pb: 999.9  
pb: 15.9  
pr[op-band]=n  
pr=8.83  
Depends on  
Configuration  
Read heater power  
(duty cycle)  
po[wer]  
po  
po: 999.9  
po: 6.5  
Configuration Menu  
Calibration Menu  
Read R0 calibration parameter  
r[0]  
r
r0: 999.999  
al: 9.999999  
r0: 100.7  
Set R0 calibration parameter to n r[0]=n  
r=100.7  
al  
97.0 to 105  
.002 to .006  
Read ALPHA calibration  
parameter  
a[lpha]  
al: 0.003865  
Set ALPHA calibration parameter a[lpha]=n  
to n  
al=0.003865  
de  
Read DELTA calibration  
parameter  
d[elta]  
de: 1.50  
Read DELTA calibration  
parameter  
d[elta]=n  
de=1.37  
de: 9.9999  
sa: 9  
0–3.0000  
Operating Parameters Menu  
Serial Interface Menu  
Read serial sample setting  
sa[mple]  
sa  
sa: 1  
Set serial sampling setting to n  
seconds  
sa[mple]=n  
sa=0  
0 to 999  
FULL or HALF  
Set serial duplex mode:  
du[plex]=f[ull]/h[alf]  
du[plex]=f[ull]  
Set serial duplex mode to full  
Set serial duplex mode to half  
du=f  
du[plex]=h[alf]  
du=h  
36  
 
 
8 Digital Communication Interface  
Interface Commands  
Table 3 9140 controller communications commands continued  
Command  
Format  
Command  
Example  
Returned  
Example  
Acceptable  
Values  
Command Description  
Returned  
ON or OFF  
Set serial linefeed mode:  
lf[eed]=on/of[f]  
lf[eed]=on  
Set serial linefeed mode to on  
Set serial linefeed mode to off  
Miscellaneous Other Commands  
Read firmware version number  
Read structure of all commands  
lf=on  
lf=of  
lf[eed]=of[f]  
*ver[sion]  
h[elp]  
*ver  
h
ver.9999,9.99  
ver.9140,1.21  
list of commands  
list of parameters  
Read ALL operating parameters all  
all  
Legend:  
[] Optional Command data  
{} Returns either information  
n Numeric data supplied by user  
9 Numeric data returned to user  
x Character data returned to user  
Note:  
When DUPLEX is set to FULL and a command is sent to READ, the command is returned followed by a  
carriage return and linefeed. Then the value is returned as indicated in the RETURNED column.  
37  
 
 
9 Test Probe Calibration  
Comparison Methods  
9
Test Probe Calibration  
For optimum accuracy and stability, allow the calibrator to warm up for 10  
minutes after power-up and then allow adequate stabilization time after reach-  
ing the set-point temperature. After completing operation of the calibrator, al-  
low the well to cool by setting the temperature to 100°C for one-half hour  
before switching the power off.  
9.1  
Comparison Methods  
For information on automating your testing, contact Hart Scientific.  
9.1.1  
Calibrating a Single Probe  
Insert the probe to be calibrated into the well of the dry-well calibrator. The  
probe should fit snugly into the calibrator probe sleeve yet should not be so  
tight that it cannot be easily removed. Avoid any dirt or grit that may cause the  
probe to jam into the sleeve. Best results are obtained with the probe inserted to  
the full depth of the well. Once the probe is inserted into the well, allow ade-  
quate stabilization time to allow the test probe temperature to settle as de-  
scribed above. Once the probe has settled to the temperature of the well, it may  
be compared to the calibrator display temperature. The display temperature  
should be stable to within 0.1°C degree for best results.  
CAUTION: Never introduce any foreign material into the probe hole of  
the insert. Fluids etc. can leak into the calibrator causing damage to the  
calibrator or binding and damage to your probe.  
9.1.2  
Comparison Calibration  
Comparison calibration involves testing a probe against a similar reference  
probe. The advantage to this method is that better accuracy can be achieved  
since errors due to dry-well inaccuracy, stem effect, and drift can be reduced.  
After inserting the probes to be calibrated, allow sufficient time for the probes  
to settle and the temperature of the dry-well to stabilize.  
Both the reference probe and the probe under test should be the same size and  
construction. Using probes with different lengths, diameters and materials will  
have different stem effects causing an unknown temperature difference. All  
dry-wells have horizontal and vertical gradients that change with temperature .  
This is an unknown variable which can be factored out if probes are the same  
type, length, diameter, and material. Probes should be inserted to the same  
depth in the well.  
The following procedure can be used to calibrate a probe against a reference  
while eliminating error due to temperature gradients between wells.  
1. Place the reference probe in one well.  
39  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
2. Place the probe to be calibrated, the unit under test (UUT), in another  
well.  
3. With the reference inserted into one well and the probe under test in-  
serted into a second well, make measurements of each.  
4. Swap the locations of the reference probe and probe under test. Allow  
plenty of time for thermal settling.  
5. Make another set of measurements of the reference probe and the probe  
under test.  
6. Average the two measurements of the reference probe. Average the two  
measurements of the probe under test. Averaging the two measurements  
in this way eliminates error due to temperature gradients between the  
two wells.  
7. You may now compare the averaged measurement of the probe under  
test with the averaged measurement of the reference probe.  
For best results repeat the test several times at the same temperature and at dif-  
ferent temperatures.  
This method can be used with different types of probes but the user must deter-  
mine the uncertainty of the measurement.  
9.1.3  
Calibration of Multiple Probes  
Fully loading the calibrator with probes increases the time required for the tem-  
perature to stabilize after inserting the probes. Be sure that the temperature has  
stabilized before starting the calibration.  
Multiple probes may be calibrated simultaneously using either the direct or  
comparison calibration method. Stem effect will cause less error in the compar-  
ison calibration method than with the direct calibration method.  
9.2  
Dry-well Characteristics  
9.2.1  
Vertical Gradient  
There is a temperature gradient vertically in the test well. The heater has been  
applied to the block in such a way as to compensate for nominal heat losses out  
of the top of the dry-well and minimize vertical temperature gradients. How-  
ever, actual heat losses will vary depending on the number and types of probes  
inserted into the calibrator and the block temperature. For best results, insert  
probes the full depth of well.  
9.2.2  
Heating and Cooling Rates  
Figures 7 and 8 show typical heating cooling rates of the 9140 dry-well  
calibrator.  
40  
 
 
9 Test Probe Calibration  
Dry-well Characteristics  
WARNING: DO NOT remove inserts when heating or when the unit is  
hot.  
9.2.3  
Stabilization and Accuracy  
The stabilization time of the dry-well calibrator will depend on the conditions  
and temperatures involved. Typically the test well will be stable to 0.1°C within  
5 minutes of reaching the set-point temperature as indicated by the display. Ul-  
350  
300  
250  
200  
150  
100  
Ambient  
2
4
6
8
10  
12  
Time in Minutes  
Figure 7 Typical Heating Rate  
350  
300  
250  
200  
150  
100  
Ambient  
2
4
6
8
10  
12  
Time in Minutes  
Figure 8 Typical Cooling Rate  
41  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
timate stability will be achieved 10 to 20 minutes after reaching the set  
temperature.  
Inserting a cold probe into a well will require another period of stabilizing de-  
pending on the magnitude of the disturbance and the required accuracy. For ex-  
ample, inserting a .25 inch diameter room temperature probe into a sleeve at  
300°C will take 5 minutes to be within 0.1°C of its settled point and will take  
10 minutes to achieve maximum stability.  
Speeding up the calibration process can be accomplished by knowing how soon  
to make the measurement. It is recommended that typical measurements be  
made at the desired temperatures with the desired test probes to establish these  
times.  
42  
 
10 Calibration Procedure  
Calibration Points  
10  
Calibration Procedure  
Sometimes the user may want to calibrate the dry-well to improve the tempera-  
ture set-point accuracy. Calibration is done by adjusting the controller probe  
calibration constants R0 , ALPHA, and DELTA so that the temperature of the  
dry-well as measured with a standard thermometer agrees more closely with the  
set-point. The thermometer used must be able to measure the well temperature  
with higher accuracy than the desired accuracy of the dry-well. By using a  
good thermometer and following this procedure the dry-well can be calibrated  
to an accuracy of better than 0.5°C over its full range.  
10.1  
Calibration Points  
In calibrating the dry-well, R0, ALPHA, and DELTA are adjusted to minimize  
the set-point error at each of three different dry-well temperatures. Any three  
reasonably separated temperatures may be used for the calibration. Improved  
results can be obtained for shorter ranges when using temperatures that are just  
within the most useful operating range of the dry-well. The farther apart the  
calibration temperatures, the larger will be the calibrated temperature range but  
the calibration error will also be greater over the range. If for instance 150°C to  
350°C is chosen as the calibration range then the calibrator may achieve an ac-  
curacy of say 0.3°C over the range 150 to 350°C. Choosing a range of 200°C  
to 300°C may allow the calibrator to have a better accuracy of maybe 0.2°C  
over the range 175 to 325°C but outside that range the accuracy may be only  
0.5°C.  
10.2  
Calibration Procedure  
1. Choose three set points to use in the calibration of the R0, ALPHA, and  
DELTA parameters. These set points are generally 50.0°C, 200°C, and 350.0°C  
but other set points may be used if desired or necessary.  
2. Set the dry-well to the low set-point. When the dry-well reaches the  
set-point and the display is stable, wait 15 minutes or so and then take a reading  
from the thermometer. Sample the set-point resistance by holding down the  
SET key and pressing the DOWN key. Write these values down as T1 and R1  
respectively.  
3. Repeat step 2 for the other two set points recording them as T2 and R2 and T3  
and R3 respectively.  
4. Using the recorded data, calculate new values for the R0, ALPHA, and  
DELTA parameters using the equations given below:  
10.2.1  
Compute DELTA:  
A = T − T  
3
2
B = T − T  
2
1
43  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
T
T
T
T
⎡
⎢
⎤⎡  
⎤
⎡
⎢
⎤⎡  
⎤
3
3
2
2
C =  
1 −  
−
−
1 −  
⎥⎢  
⎦⎣  
⎥
⎦
⎥⎢  
⎦⎣  
⎥
⎦
100  
100  
100  
100  
⎣
⎣
T
T
T
T
⎡
⎢
⎤⎡  
⎤
⎡
⎢
⎤⎡  
⎤
2
2
1
1
D =  
1 −  
1 −  
⎥⎢  
⎥
⎦
⎥⎢  
⎥
⎦
100  
100  
100  
100  
⎣
⎦⎣  
⎣
⎦⎣  
E = R3 − R2  
F = R2 − R1  
AF − BE  
DE −CF  
delta =  
T
1-3 - Measured temperature using thermometer.  
1-3 - Value of set-point resistance from display of 9140. (Press SET and  
R
DOWN at the same time.)  
where  
T1 and R1 are the measured temperature and resistance at 50.0 °C  
T2 and R2 are the measured temperature and resistance at 200.0 °C  
T3 and R3 are the measured temperature and resistance at 350.0 °C  
10.2.2  
Compute R0 & ALPHA:  
T
T
⎡
⎣
⎤⎡  
⎤
1
1
a1 = T + delta  
1 −  
1
⎢
⎥⎢  
⎦⎣  
⎥
⎦
100  
100  
T
T
⎡
⎢
⎤⎡  
⎦⎣  
⎤
3
3
a3 = T + delta  
1 −  
3
⎥⎢  
⎥
⎦
100  
100  
⎣
R3a1 − R1a3  
a1 − a3  
rzero =  
alpha =  
R1 − R3  
R3a1 − R1a3  
delta is the new value of DELTA computed above  
5. Program the new values for DELTA (delta), R0 (rzero) & ALPHA (alpha)  
into the dry-well using the following steps.  
a. Press the SET and EXIT keys at the same time and then press SET until  
R0 is displayed.  
44  
 
 
10 Calibration Procedure  
Calibration Procedure  
b. Press SET then use the UP or DOWN keys until the correct numerical  
setting is displayed. Press SET to accept the new value.  
c. Repeat step b. for ALPHA and DELTA.  
10.2.3  
Accuracy & Repeatability  
1. Check the accuracy of the dry-well at various points over the calibration  
range.  
2. If dry-well does not pass specification at all set-points, repeat Calibration  
Procedure.  
45  
 
 
11 Maintenance  
11  
Maintenance  
• The calibration instrument has been designed with the utmost care. Ease  
of operation and simplicity of maintenance have been a central theme in  
the product development. Therefore, with proper care the instrument  
should require very little maintenance. Avoid operating the instrument in  
an oily, wet, dirty, or dusty environment.  
• If the outside of the instrument becomes soiled, it may be wiped clean  
with a damp cloth and mild detergent. Do not use harsh chemicals on the  
surface which may damage the paint.  
• It is important to keep the well of the calibrator clean and clear of any for-  
eign matter. Do not use fluid to clean out the well.  
• The dry-well calibrator should be handled with care. Avoid knocking or  
dropping the calibrator.  
• For dry-wells with removable probe sleeves, the sleeves can become cov-  
ered with dust and carbon material. If the buildup becomes too thick, it  
could cause the sleeves to become jammed in the wells. Avoid this build  
up by periodically buffing the sleeves clean.  
• If a sleeve should be dropped, examine the sleeve for deformities before  
inserting it in the well. If there is any chance of jamming the sleeve in the  
well, file or grind off the protuberance.  
• Do not drop the probe stems into the well. This type of action can cause a  
shock to the sensor.  
• If a hazardous material is spilt on or inside the equipment, the user is re-  
sponsible for taking the appropriate decontamination steps as outlined by  
the national safety council with respect to the material.  
• If the mains supply cord becomes damaged, replace it with a cord with  
the appropriate gauge wire for the current of the instrument. If there are  
any questions, call Hart Scientific Customer Service for more informa-  
tion.  
• Before using any cleaning or decontamination method except those rec-  
ommended by Hart, users should check with Hart Scientific Customer  
Service to be sure that the proposed method will not damage the equip-  
ment.  
• If the instrument is used in a manner not in accordance with the equip-  
ment design, the operation of the dry-well may be impaired or safety haz-  
ards may arise.  
47  
 
 
12 Troubleshooting  
Troubleshooting Problems, Possible Causes, and  
Solutions  
12  
Troubleshooting  
If problems arise while operating the 9140, this section provides some sugges-  
tions that may help you solve the problem. A wiring diagram is also included.  
12.1  
Troubleshooting Problems, Possible Causes,  
and Solutions  
In the event that the instrument appears to function abnormally, this section  
may help to find and solve the problem. Several possible problem conditions  
are described along with likely causes and solutions. If a problem arises, please  
read this section carefully and attempt to understand and solve the problem. If  
the problem cannot otherwise be solved, contact a Hart Scientific Authorized  
Service Center (see Section 1.3) for assistance. Be sure to have the model  
number, serial number, voltage, and problem description available.  
Problem  
Possible Causes and Solutions  
Incorrect tempera-  
ture reading  
Incorrect R0, ALPHA, and DELTA parameters. Find the value for R0, ALPHA, and  
DELTA on the Report of Calibration. Reprogram the parameters into the instrument  
(see Section , Calibration Parameters). Allow the instrument to stabilize and verify  
the accuracy of the temperature reading.  
Controller locked up. The controller may have locked up due to a power surge or  
other aberration. Initialize the system by performing the Factory Reset Sequence.  
Factory Reset Sequence. Hold the SET and EXIT buttons down at the same time  
while powering up the instrument. The instrument displays shows ‘-init-‘, the model  
number, and the firmware version. Each of the controller parameters and calibration  
constants must be reprogrammed. The values can be found on the Report of  
Calibration.  
The instrument  
heats or cools too  
quickly or too  
slowly  
Incorrect scan and scan rate settings. The scan and scan rate settings may be  
set to unwanted values. Check the Scan and Scan Rate settings. The scan may be  
off (if the unit seems to be responding too quickly). The scan may be on with the  
Scan Rate set low (if unit seems to be responding too slowly).  
Improper line voltage. Verify that the voltage reading in the bottom of the unit  
matches the source voltage.  
Unstable display  
Wait. Allow the instrument to stabilize for a few minutes.  
Proportional band may be incorrect. Refer to the proportional band on the Report  
of Calibration.  
49  
 
 
9140 Dry-well Calibrator  
User’s Guide  
Problem  
Possible Causes and Solutions  
The display shows  
an error code  
Controller problem. The error messages signify the following problems with the  
controller.  
Err 1 - a RAM error  
Err 2 - a NVRAM error  
Err 3 - a Structure error  
Err 4 - an ADC setup error  
Err 5 - an ADC ready error  
Err 6 – a defective control sensor  
Err 7 – a heater error  
Initialize the system by performing the Factory Reset Sequence describe above.  
Temperature can-  
not be set above a  
certain point  
Incorrect High Limit parameter. The High Limit parameter may be set below  
125°C. Check this value as described in Section 7.7, Operating Parameters.  
Display is reading  
incorrectly  
The instrument was turned off at high temperatures and reenergized too quickly.  
Turn the instrument off until the display is completely off and then reenergize.  
Display flickers  
when the instru-  
ment is turned off  
This is normal operation and is more prevalent at high temperatures due to Seebeck  
Coefficient of the thermoelectric cooling devices. Some time is required to fully dis-  
charge the switching power supply and to complete the power off cycle.  
The instrument  
does not reach  
temperature  
The specifications for the instrument include an ambient temperature of 23°C. If the  
ambient temperature is above 23°C, the instrument may not be able to reach the  
lowest specified temperature. Check the ambient temperature if the instrument does  
not reach maximum temperature.  
12.2  
CE Comments  
12.2.1  
EMC Directive  
Hart Scientific's equipment has been tested to meet the European Electromag-  
netic Compatibility Directive (EMC Directive, 89/336/EEC). The Declaration  
of Conformity for your instrument lists the specific standards to which the unit  
was tested.  
12.2.2  
Low Voltage Directive (Safety)  
In order to,comply with the European Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC),  
Hart Scientific equipment has been designed to meet the IEC 1010-1 (EN  
61010-1) and IEC 1010-2-010 (EN 61010-2-010) standards.  
50  
 
 

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