15 Discovery Way, Acton, MA 01720
Phone: (978)263-3584, Fax: (978)263-5086
Web Site: www.piacton.com
Operating Instructions
for
PMT Tube
P2
Ver 2.0
PHOTOMULTlPLlER TUBES R928, R955
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values)
Parameter
Value
Unit
Supply Voltage
Between Anode and Cathode
Between Anode and Last Dynode
Average Anode Current
1250
250
Vdc
Vdc
mA
0.1
Ambient Temperature
–80 to +50
CHARACTERISTlCS (at 25 )
R928
Typ.
R955
Typ.
Parameter
Unit
Min.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Cathode Sensitivity
Quantum Efficiency at Peak Wavelength
25.4
29.0
%
(at 260nm)
(at 220nm)
Luminous B
Radiant at 194nm
254nm
140
250
18
52
74
41
140
250
43
56
74
41
A/lm
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
400nm
633nm
852nm
Red/White Ratio C
Blue D
3.5
0.3
8
3.5
0.3
8
mA/W
0.2
0.2
A/lm-b
Anode Sensitivity
Luminous E
Radiant at 194nm
254nm
400
2500
400
2500
A/lm
A/W
A/W
A/W
A/W
1.8 105
5.2 105
7.4 105
4.1 105
4.3 105
5.6 105
7.4 105
4.1 105
400nm
633nm
852nm
Gain E
3.5 104
3.5 104
A/W
1.0 107
1.0 107
Anode Dark Current F
After 30 minute Storage in the darkness
3
50
3
50
nA
W
ENI(Equivalent Noise Input) H
1.3 10-16
1.3 10-16
Time Response E
Anode Pulse Rise Time I
Electron Transit Time J
Transit Time Spread (TTS) K
2.2
22
1.2
2.2
22
1.2
ns
ns
ns
Anode Current Stability L
Current Hysteresis
Voltage Hysteresis
0.1
1.0
0.1
1.0
%
%
NOTES
A:Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum.
F: Measured with the same supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio as
Note E after removal of light.
G:Measured at a supply voltage adjusted to provide an anode sensitivity of
100 A/lm.
B:The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution tem-
perature of 2856K. Supply voltage is 100 volts between the cathode and
all other electrodes connected together as anode.
C:Red/White ratio is the quotient of the cathode current measured using a
red filter(Toshiba R-68) interposed between the light source and the tube
by the cathode current measured with the filter removed under the same
conditions as Note B.
D:The value is cathode output current when a blue filter(Corning CS-5-58
polished to 1/2 stock thickness) is interposed between the light source and
the tube under the same condition as Note B.
H:ENI is an indication of the photon-limited signal-to-noise ratio. It refers to
the amount of light in watts to produce a signal-to-noise ratio of unity in the
output of a photomultiplier tube.
.
.
.
2q ldb G
S
f
ENI =
where q = Electronic charge (1.60 10-19 coulomb).
ldb = Anode dark current(after 30 minute storage) in amperes.
G = Gain.
E:Measured with the same light source as Note B and with the voltage distri-
bution ratio shown in Table 1 below.
f = Bandwidth of the system in hertz. 1 hertz is used.
S = Anode radiant sensitivity in amperes per watt at the wave-
length of peak response.
Table 1:Voltage Distribution Ratio
Electrode
K
Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9
P
I: The rise time is the time for the output pulse to rise from 10% to 90% of the
peak amplitude when the entire photocathode is illuminated by a delta
function light pulse.
Distribution
Ratio
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SuppIy Voltage : 1000Vdc
K : Cathode, Dy : Dynode, P : Anode
J: The electron transit time is the interval between the arrival of delta function
light pulse at the entrance window of the tube and the time when the anode
output reaches the peak amplitude. In measurement, the whole photo-
cathode is illuminated.
l
l
min.
max.
Hysteresis =
100(%)
l
i
(1)Current Hysteresis
K:Also called transit time jitter. This is the fluctuation in electron transit time
between individual pulses in the signal photoelectron mode, and may be
defined as the FWHM of the frequency distribution of electron transit times.
The tube is operated at 750 volts with an anode current of 1 micro-ampere for
5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube for a minute. The tube is
then re-illuminated by the previous light level for a minute to measure the
variation.
L: Hysteresis is temporary instability in anode current after light and voltage
are applied.
(2)Voltage Hysteresis
The tube is operated at 300 volts with an anode current of 0.1 micro-ampere
for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube and the supply voltage
is quickly increased to 800 volts. After a minute, the supply voltage is then
reduced to the previous value and the tube is re-illuminated for a minute to
measure the variation.
l
max.
l
i
l
min.
TIME
0
5
6
7 (minutes)
TPMSB0002EA
Figure 2: Anode Luminous Sensitivity and Gain
Figure 3: Typical Time Response
Characteristics
TPMSB0003EB
TPMSB0004EB
4
8
10
10
100
80
60
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
40
20
10
8
TYPICAL ANODSENSITIVITY
TYPICAL AIN
6
4
MINIMUM ANODE SENSITIVITY
–1
3
10
10
10
10
2
1
–2
2
300
500
700
1000
1500
200
300
500
700
1000
1500
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 4: Typical Temperature Coefficient of Anode
Sensitivity
Figure 5: Typical Temperature Characteristic of Dark
Current (at 1000V, after 30minute storage)
TPMSB0005EA
TPMSB0006EA
160
100
800nm
140
600nm
120
10
400nm
100
80
60
40
1
0.1
20
0
0.01
–40
–20
0
+20
+40
–40
–20
0
+20
+40
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
PHOTOMULTlPLlER TUBES R928, R955
Figure 6: Dimensional Outline and Basing Diagram (Unit : mm)
28.5 1.5
T9
BULB
8MIN.
Hybrid Assembly of R928
H957-08
PHOTOCATHODE
DY6
6
The H957-08 integrates on R928, a voltage-divider circuit, and a high
voltage power supply into a compact magnetic shield case. It can be
readily operated by input of 15Vdc.
DY7
DY5
5
1
7
DY4
DY8
4
8
3
DY3
9 DY9
10
2
P
DY2
11
K
DY1
DIRECTION OF LIGHT
BOTTOM VIEW
(BASING DIAGRAM)
32.2 0.5
11 PIN BASE
JEDEC No. B11-88
TPMSA0008EA
Figure 7: Optional Accessories (Unit : mm)
Socket
(E678 – 11A)
D Type Socket Assembly E717-21
49
38
SOCKET
PMT
PIN No.
10
SIGNAL GND
SIGNAL OUTPUT RG-174/U
(BLACK)
5
P
POWER SUPPLY GND
AWG22 (BLACK)
R10
R9
R8
R7
R6
R5
R4
R3
R2
R1
C3
C2
C1
DY9
DY8
DY7
DY6
DY5
DY4
DY3
DY2
DY1
9
8
38.0 0.3
49.0 0.3
29
5
7
6
R to R10 : 330k
C1 to C3 : 0.01
F
5
4
29
31.0 0.5
HOUSING
3
(INSULATOR)
2
POTTING
COMPOUND
1
K
–HV
11
AWG22 (VIOLET)
TACCA0064EA
Hamamatsu also provides C4900 series compact high voltage power sup-
plies and C6270 series DP type socket assemblies which incorporate a
DC to DC converter type high voltage power supply.
TACCA0002ED
Warning–Personal Safety Hazards
Electrical Shock–Operating voltages applied to this
device present a shock hazard.
HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electoron Tube Center
314-5, Shimokanzo, Toyooka-village, Iwata-gun, Shizuoka-ken, 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205
U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218
Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658
France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10
United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limted: Lough Point, 2 Gladbeck Way, Windmill Hill, Enfield, Middlesex EN2 7JA, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44)181-367-3560, Fax: (44)181-367-6384
North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Färögatan 7, S-164-40 Kista Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-703-29-50, Fax: (46)8-750-58-95
TPMS1001E06
MAY. 1997
Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Via Della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)2-935 81 733, Fax: (39)2-935 81 741
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