Philips Power Supply PM2811 User Manual

Programmable Power Supplies

PM2811-PM2812-PM2813

PM2831-PM2832

Programmable Power Supplies

Users Manual

4822 872 00824

January 1997, Rev. 3, 5/98

All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.

Programmable Power Supplies

III

LIMITED WARRANTY & LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under

normal use and service. The warranty period is one year and begins on the date of

shipment. Parts, product repairs and services are warranted for 90 days. This warranty

extends only to the original buyer or end-user customer of a Fluke authorized reseller, and

does not apply to fuses, disposable batteries or to any product which, in Fluke's opinion, has

been misused, altered, neglected or damaged by accident or abnormal conditions of

operation or handling. Fluke warrants that software will operate substantially in accordance

with its functional specifications for 90 days and that it has been properly recorded on non-

defective media. Fluke does not warrant that software will be error free or operate without

interruption.

Fluke authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-

user customers only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf

of Fluke. Warranty support is available if product is purchased through a Fluke authorized

sales outlet or Buyer has paid the applicable international price. Fluke reserves the right to

invoice Buyer for importation costs of repair/replacement parts when product purchased in

one country is submitted for repair in another country.

Fluke's warranty obligation is limited, at Fluke's option, to refund of the purchase price, free

of charge repair, or replacement of a defective product which is returned to a Fluke

authorized service center within the warranty period.

To obtain warranty service, contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center or send the

product, with a description of the difficulty, postage and insurance prepaid (FOB

Destination), to the nearest Fluke authorized service center. Fluke assumes no risk for

damage in transit. Following warranty repair, the product will be returned to Buyer,

transportation prepaid (FOB Destination). If Fluke determines that the failure was caused

by misuse, alteration, accident or abnormal condition of operation or handling, Fluke will

provide an estimate of repair costs and obtain authorization before commencing the work.

Following repair, the product will be returned to the Buyer transportation prepaid and the

Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transportation charges (FOB Shipping Point).

THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF

ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO

ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR

PURPOSE. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT,

INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF

DATA, WHETHER ARISING FROM BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BASED ON

CONTRACT, TORT, RELIANCE OR ANY OTHER THEORY.

Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty, or

exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, the limitations and

exclusions of this warranty may not apply to every buyer. If any provision of this Warranty is

held invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect

the validity or enforceability of any other provision.

Fluke Corporation, P.O. Box 9090, Everett, WA 98206-9090 USA, or

Fluke Industrial B.V., P.O. Box 680, 7600 AR, Almelo, The Netherlands

Users Manual

SERVICE CENTERS

To locate an authorized service center, visit us on the World Wide Web:

http://www.fluke.com

or call Fluke using any of the phone numbers listed below:

+1-800-443-5853 in U.S.A. and Canada

+31-402-678-200 in Europe

+1-425-356-5500 from other countries

Programmable Power Supplies

CONTENS

Page

OPERATOR SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

CAUTION AND WARNING STATEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

IMPAIRED SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2.1

INTRODUCTION TO YOUR PROGRAMMABLE

POWER SUPPLY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2.2

BASIC OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.2.1

2.2.2

2.2.3

Local operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Remote operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Sense modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

2.3

ADVANCED OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

2.3.1

2.3.2

Output channel interconnections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

Multiple loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

Users Manual

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

INITIAL INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

OPERATOR SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

3.4.1

3.4.2

3.4.3

Mechanical installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Electrical installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Front Connection Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

3.5

3.6

OUTPUT CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

3.5.1

3.5.2

3.5.3

Output channel connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

GPIB connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Trigger bus connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

ACCEPTANCE TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

3.6.1

3.6.2

3.6.3

Brief check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Interface check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Performance Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

GETTING FAMILIAR WITH THE POWER SUPPLY . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.1

INITIAL SETUP OF YOUR POWER SUPPLY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.1.1

4.1.2

Power up routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Instrument identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4.2

FRONT PANEL LAYOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

4.2.1

4.2.2

Keyboard controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Display indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

4.3

4.4

OUTPUT CHANNEL CONNECTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

GETTING STARTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

4.4.1

4.4.2

4.4.3

Selecting an output channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Setting an output voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Setting an output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Programmable Power Supplies

III

USING YOUR PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY . . . . . . . . 5-1

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

LOCAL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

REMOTE OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

OPERATING FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

HOW TO USE THE OPERATING FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

5.5.1

5.5.2

5.5.3

5.5.4

5.5.5

Output channel characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

Local and remote sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

Constant voltage or constant current source . . . . . . 5-13

Store/recall function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19

Step functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22

5.6

ADVANCED USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28

5.6.1

5.6.2

5.6.3

5.6.4

Parallel connection of output channels . . . . . . . . . . 5-29

Serial connection of output channels. . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32

Parallel connection of loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35

Tips for Remote Sensing Applications. . . . . . . . . . . 5-36

Users Manual

APPENDIX A ACCESSORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

A.1

A.2

Supplied with the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Optional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

APPENDIX B SCPI CONFORMANCE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . .B-1

B.1

B.2

B.3

B.4

IEEE 488.2-1987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

SCPI Std 1993.0 Confirmed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

SCPI approved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4

SCPI syntax and style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5

APPENDIX C ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS & TERMS. . . . . . . . . C-1

C.1

C.2

C.3

Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

Glossary of symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5

Glossary of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6

APPENDIX D APPLICATION FOR PM2812 AND PM2813. . . . . . . D-1

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1

Programmable Power Supplies

Thank you for purchasing this FLUKE power supply. It has been designed and

manufactured to the highest quality standards to give you many years of trouble-

free use.

The powerful operating features have been combined with an easy and logical

operation so that the full power of this instrument can be used every day. The

main operating features are:

•

Multiple output, dc power supply

Output modules with various voltage and current ratings

Suitable for GPIB as well as benchtop applications

Conforms to SCPI and IEEE 488.2 standards

Non volatile memory for 999 settings

Power down memory (front panel settings)

Readback of actual voltage and current

Manual and automatic step function

Overvoltage and overcurrent protection

Overtemperature and sense protection

Coupled protection of output channels

Closed case calibration facility (protected by password)

External trigger facilities (auto step)

Built-in self-test and diagnostics routines

Users Manual

INITIAL INSPECTION

Check the contents of the shipment for completeness and note whether any

damage has occurred during transport. If the contents are incomplete, or if there

is damage to the instrument or its accessories, notify the FLUKE sales or service

office nearest you to facilitate the repair or replacement of the instrument or

accessories.

The following items must be included in the shipment:

•

Programmable Power Supply

Reference Manual English

Operation Manual English, or

Operation Manual German, or

Operation Manual French

•

Power Cord

Two spare fuses

Two mounting brackets (only for the 19 inch models)

For further information, refer to APPENDIX A, ‘Accessories’.

Programmable Power Supplies

VII

INSIDE THIS MANUAL

This operating manual has been aimed at the experienced user as well as the

user new to Programmable Power Supplies. It will help the reader to use and

operate the power supply manually (local operation) or from a PC via the GPIB

(remote operation).

1) OPERATOR SAFETY

Gives full information about safety aspects.

2) INTRODUCTION TO YOUR PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY

Describes what your power supply is and how you can use it.

3) INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

Describes the steps necessary to prepare your power supply for use.

4) GETTING STARTED WITH YOUR PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY

Describes how to get started with some commonly used functions of the

power supply. A step-by-step tutorial describes how to operate the functions

in the local (manual) mode.

5) USING YOUR PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLY

Gives functional information about how to use the power supply in the local as

well as the remote mode.

Additional information is available in the following appendices:

A) ACCESSORIES

Gives a functional overview of the accessories that are supplied or can be

ordered.

B) SCPI CONFORMANCE INFORMATION

Gives information about versions of the confirmed and approved SCPI

commands and queries.

C) ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS & TERMS

D) APPLICATION FOR PM2812 AND PM2813

Gives support information to extend maximum current of the PM2812 or

PM2813 by parallel connection of channels

VIII

Users Manual

Operator Safety

1 - 1

1 OPERATOR SAFETY

Read this page carefully before beginning to install and use the instrument.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The instrument described in this manual is designed to be used only by qualified

personnel.

WARNING: Servicing described in this manual is to be done only by

qualified service personnel. To avoid electrical shock, do not

service the instrument unless you are qualified to do so.

1.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

For the correct and safe use of this instrument it is essential that both operating

and service personnel follow generally accepted safety procedures in addition to

the safety precautions specified in this manual. Specific warning and caution

statements, where they apply, will be found throughout the manual. Where

necessary, the warning and caution statements and/or symbols are marked on

the instrument.

1.3 CAUTION AND WARNING STATEMENTS

CAUTION:

Is used to indicate correct operating or maintenance procedures in

order to prevent damage to or destruction of the equipment or other

property.

WARNING: Calls attention to a potential danger that requires correct

procedures or practices to prevent personal injury.

1 - 2

Users Manual

1.4 SYMBOLS

Symbol

Meaning of symbol

See explanation in manual

Earth

Conformité Européenne

1.5 IMPAIRED SAFETY

Whenever it is likely that safety has been impaired, the instrument must be turned

off and disconnected from line power. The matter should then be referred to

qualified technicians. Safety is likely to be impaired if, for example, the instrument

does not output the expected power or shows visible damage.

Introduction to your PPS

2 - 1

2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO YOUR PROGRAMMABLE

POWER SUPPLY

The basic function of your programmable power supply (PPS) is to supply a

predefined dc voltage or current in a controlled way through an output channel.

Your power supply model can have one, two or three output channels. Unless

stated otherwise, the information in this manual applies to all models. For

technical and environmental performance specifications, refer to the Reference

Manual.

REMOTE OPERATION

The family of Programmable Power Supplies is primarily intended to be used

in an automatic system environment programmed via a controller. For that

reason the power supplies have been equipped with a GPIB interface and

conform to IEEE-488.2 as well as the SCPI 1993.0 standards. For remote

operation, refer to the Reference Manual (operating references).

LOCAL OPERATION

The power supplies can be used as bench-top instruments (stand-alone) via

their keypads and displays. For local operation, refer to section 4.4 (getting

started), section 5.4 (operating features) or the Reference Manual (operating

references).

Family overview

PM2811/xyz

PM2812/xyz

PM2813/xyz

PM2831/xyz

PM2832/xyz

Single Output System

Dual Output System

Triple Output System

Single Output System

Dual Output System

Country Version

1 = Euro

3 = USA

4 = UK

5 = Swiss

Revision Number

1 = Standard Version

5 = Version with Front Connection Option

(see section 3.4.3).

Number assigned to various output ratings.

2 - 2

Users Manual

FRONT PANEL

The front panel contains a keypad and LCD for dialogue with the operator.

Local operation (manual) of the power supply is done via the keypad. The

display is used for passing information to the operator, such as:

•

response information for the operator, e.g., ADDRESS 12

readback information, e.g., an output voltage and current

status information, e.g., display of the REM text

error messages, e.g., the OVERCURRENT message

Display

Single front panel (PM2811 only)

Display

Single, dual and triple output front panel

Introduction to your PPS

2 - 3

REAR PANEL

The rear panel contains connectors for the line power input, the output

channel(s), the trigger lines, and the GPIB (IEEE 488) interface. A fan

provides forced cooling of each output channel. The line power input module

also contains the line fuses, line filter, and the power switch.

For remote control, a GPIB (IEEE 488) connector for use with a GPIB

controller is provided.

Three SMB connectors for START, STEP, and READY are provided for

external triggering of the step mode and recalling stored instrument settings.

OUTPUT

30V 10A 60W

-S -V +V +S

PHILIPS

230V

50-60Hz

155VA

PM2811/111

9448 028 11011

No.DM000599

FUSES

110V 2.5AT/250V

220V 1.25AT/250V

READY

START

STEP

MAX

240V

IEEE488

ST5825

Single rear panel (PM2811 only)

OUTPUT

30V 10A 60W

-S -V +V +S

PHILIPS

230V

50-60Hz

390VA

PM2813/011

9448 028 13011

No.DM521001

FUSES

110V 6.3AM/250V

220V 3AT/250V

READY

START

STEP

MAX

240V

MAX

240V

MAX

240V

IEEE488

ST5824

Output rear panel

2 - 4

Users Manual

2.2 BASIC OPERATION

The programmable power supplies offer a combination of programming

capabilities and a variety of dc output power ratings that make them ideal for

power systems applications. The +V and +S as well as the -V and -S terminals

have been connected to each other at the factory.

POWER

SUPPLY

-V

output

channel

-S

Each output channel can be programmed to the desired dc voltage or dc current

(output function). Self-contained measurement and readback capability eliminate

the need for using a separate multimeter to externally meter the output channel.

The readback voltage and current of the selected output channel can be

monitored on the front panel display (measure function). Protective circuitry within

the power supply limits or turns off an output channel when an abnormal condition

occurs. The following protection features have been implemented:

•

OVERVOLTAGE and OVERCURRENT

UNREGULATED OUTPUT

OVERTEMPERATURE

OUT OF SENSE CAPABILITY

COUPLED PROTECTION (of output channels)

Each output channel can operate as a constant voltage source (CV mode), or

as a constant current source or current sink (PM283x only) (CC mode):

•

As a constant voltage source the output voltage remains constant, while

the output current changes due to fluctuations of the load.

As a constant current source the output current remains constant, while

the output voltage changes due to fluctuations of the load.

Introduction to your PPS

2 - 5

After power on, the programmable power supply performs a self-test. If the

selftest is succesful, the STANDBY, OPERATE, or CALIBRATION mode will be

entered. In the OPERATE mode, an output channel can be in the ENABLED or

DISABLED state (only multiple output models).

power on

SELF TEST

STANDBY

OPERATE

CALIBRATION

DISABLED

ENABLED

•

SELF-TEST

After power on the power supply will test itself. Depending on

the Power ON DEFinition (PONDEF), the STANDBY or

OPERATE mode is entered. The CALIBRATION mode can be

entered manually via the AUX key by pressing it during power

up, or remotely via the GPIB controller.

•

STANDBY

OPERATE

In this mode the power supply does not output power, i.e., all

output channels have been shut off. It is possible, however, to

verify or set voltage and current settings.

In this mode the power supply is able to output a voltage or a

current. For multiple output models each individual output

channel can be disabled (DISABLED state) or enabled

(ENABLED state). It is also possible to verify or set voltage

and current settings.

•

CALIBRATION In this mode the power supply can be calibrated. At the end

of the calibration, the power supply will enter STANDBY

mode.

The following diagram shows the possible output channel states:

OUTPUT CHANNEL

DISABLED

no power

ENABLED

no power

Power supply STANDBY

Power supply OPERATE

power output

2 - 6

Users Manual

2.2.1

Local operation

Using the front panel keys, you can program an output channel voltage or current.

On the front panel display you can read back the actual voltage and current of the

selected output channel. Operating information about the instrument and the

selected output channel, as well as output-specific error messages, are shown on

the display in the following ways (see the following figure):

•

text

annunciators, pointing at abbreviations on the front panel right below the

display.

PM28xx programmable power supply xxV/yyA/zzW

• • •

LCD display

keypad

text annunciators text

abbreviations

keypad

You can use the keypad as follows to control your power supply:

•

control interface and general functions via a menu

switch between the operate and standby mode

set the supply to local control (if not remotely locked)

reset the power supply, i.e., return to the ’power on’ state

store/recall/step voltage and current settings (1 to 999) in the instrument’s

battery backed-up memory (recall memory)

You can use the keypad as follows to control one of the output channels:

•

select an output channel (only for multiple output models)

enable or disable an output channel (only for multiple output models)

unmask, delay, or display the setting of bits in the fault register

reset the overvoltage and overcurrent protection

You can use the keypad as follows to perform an output channel setting:

•

set or change the output voltage or current

set the overvoltage trip level

enable or disable the overcurrent protection

Introduction to your PPS

2 - 7

2.2.2

Remote operation

Via the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB), you can program your

programmable power supply to receive input data and to send output data. An

example of input data (listener) is that a voltage and current can be programmed

directly to the selected output channel. An example of output data (talker) is the

readback voltage and current of the selected output channel.

IEEE 488.2 compatibility

IEEE 488.2 is a standard that is additional and complementary to the IEEE 488.1

standard. Your programmable power supply conforms to the IEEE 488.2

standard. For more information refer to the Reference Manual.

SCPI compatibility

SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) is a command

definition standard for programmable test and measurement instruments. Your

programmable power supply conforms to the SCPI standard. For more

information, refer to the Reference Manual.

2 - 8

Users Manual

The programmable functions have been implemented via the GPIB by means of

the following SCPI subsystems:

DISPlay

voltage

output

SYSTem

SOURce

OUTPut

channel 1

CALibration

INSTrument

step

sense

ABORt

input

MEASure

channel 1

INITiate

input/output

channel n

•

• •

•

• •

TEST

STATus

Introduction to your PPS

2 - 9

•

ABORt

This subsystem is used for stopping the step function of the power supply.

CALibration

This subsystem is used for calibration of the instrument. Your power supply

can be calibrated without removing the cover or removing the power supply

from your rack measurement setup. This feature allows you to calibrate the

power supply at its normal operating temperature. The recommended

calibration interval is one year. Refer to the Reference Manual for complete

calibration details.

•

DISPlay

This subsystem is used to control the front panel display.

INITiate

This subsytem is used to start up (initiate) the step function of the power

supply.

•

INSTrument

This subsystem is used to control the instrument functions.

MEASure

This subsystem is used to measure (readback) output voltage and output

current.

•

OUTPut

This subsystem is used to control an output channel.

SOURce

This subsystem is used for source and setting functions of an output channel,

such as : - source definitions

- voltage (protection) settings

- current (protection) settings

- automatic stepping

•

STATus

This subsystem is used for handling the device-dependent operational and

questionable status information.

SYSTem

This subsystem is used to handle system and control functions, such as:

- lockout front panel control

- define the ’power on clear’ behavior

- request for status information

•

TEST

This subsystem is used to test the instrument.

2 - 10

Users Manual

2.2.3

Sense modes

Each output channel has been provided with a set of four terminals. The inner

terminals have been marked as - V(oltage) and + V(oltage), while the outer

terminals have been marked as - S(ense) and + S(ense).

- S

- V

+ V

+ S

Each output channel can be connected to a load in two different ways:

•

through the +V and -V terminals, causing the power supply to operate in

its local sense mode.

•

through the +V and -V and +S and -S terminals, causing the power supply

to operate in its remote sense mode.

Local sensing

- S

- V

+ V

+ S

load

At delivery the sense terminals are interconnected with the voltage terminals. This

is called local sensing. If the voltage drop across both of the wires to the load is

negligible, the voltage at the load will equal the programmed value.

Introduction to your PPS

Remote sensing

2 - 11

- S

- V

+ V

+ S

load

If the voltage drop across the +V and -V wires to the load is substantial, the

voltage at the load will be less than the programmed value. To prevent the voltage

at the load from being less than the programmed value, the sense wires must also

be connected to the load (remote sensing). This way of sensing allows the power

supply to compensate for voltage drops in the wires between the power supply

and the load. The sense wires must be connected directly to the load poles.

Note:

Long sense wires are susceptible to noise pickup. To minimize noise

pickup, twist each pair of sense wires together. Shielding around the

sense wires may be necessary in more extreme cases.

2 - 12

Users Manual

2.3 ADVANCED OPERATION

2.3.1

Output channel interconnections

Identical output channels can be connected in the following ways to increase the

total output capability:

•

In series to increase the output voltage capability. Refer to section 5.6.2

"Serial connection of output channels" for more information.

V₁

–

V_load= V₁+ V₂

V₂

–

•

Parallel to increase the output current capability. Refer to section 5.6.1

"Parallel connection of output channels" for more information.

I₁

I₂

I_load= I₁+ I₂

V₁

V₂

–

CAUTION:

Only output channels with equivalent voltage and current ratings

may be connected in series or parallel to prevent damage to one of

the channels. For maximum output capacity, refer to section 5.5.1

"Output channel ratings and characteristics". For more information

about connections, refer to section 5.6 "Advanced use".

Introduction to your PPS

2 - 13

2.3.2

Multiple loads

If more than one load is connected to an output channel, use separate wires to

connect each load. This minimizes mutual coupling effects and takes full

advantage of the power supply’s low output impedance. Each pair of wires should

be as short as possible to reduce wire inductance and noise pickup to prevent the

loads from mutually influencing each other, due to load fluctuations. The loads

must be connected in parallel, not in series.

- S

- V

+ V

+ S

–

load 1

load 2

CORRECT: Parallel connection of loads

- S

- V

+ V

+ S

–

load 1

load 2

–

WRONG: Series connection of loads

Note:

To prevent noise pickup, you are advised to twist the sense wires and

shield them from each other.

In principle there is no restriction about the number of loads that can be

connected. Remote voltage sensing is recommended if one load is more sensitive

than the other(s); therefore, sense directly at the most sensitive load.

Installation Instructions

3 - 1

3 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This section contains instructions for the following:

•

inspecting the contents of the shipment for completeness and/or damage

during transport (initial inspection)

ensuring the safety of the operator

installing the power supply

making the input and output connections

performing the installation acceptance checks

•

3.2 INITIAL INSPECTION

Inspect the contents of the shipment for completeness and note whether any

damage has occurred during transport. If the contents are not complete, or if there

is damage, inform your FLUKE Sales and Service Center so that repair or

replacement of the instrument can be arranged.

Pay special attention to the following parts :

•

accessories to be supplied (refer to Appendix A).

front panel keys and display.

rear panel connectors and terminal blocks.

cabinet surfaces.

The shipment must contain one power supply plus the accessories supplied. For

a complete list of accessories supplied, refer to the INITIAL INSPECTION page

in the front of this manual.

3.3 OPERATOR SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

The instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication

1010 for Class 1 instruments and has been supplied in a safe condition. This

Operation Manual contains WARNING and CAUTION statements, that must be

followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to keep the instrument in a safe

condition.

3 - 2

Users Manual

The instrument described in this manual is to be used by properly trained

personnel.

Do not remove the cover or perform any adjustment, maintenance, or repair

unless you are qualified to do so and are aware of the hazards involved.

Symbol

Before connecting the instrument to line power, ensure that the

power ground is functioning correctly. Before any other connection

is made, the instrument must be connected to the earth (ground)

conductor via the three-conductor power cord. The power plug

must be inserted into a socket outlet provided with ground contact.

The grounding protection must not be defeated by use of an

extension cord without a ground conductor.

WARNING : Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside

the instrument or disconnection of the protective ground

terminal is likely to make the instrument dangerous.

Intentional interruption is prohibited.

The instrument is shipped from the factory with a power cord that has a plug

appropriate for the country in which it is sold. If a different power plug or power

cord is required, contact your Fluke Sales and Service Center.

CAUTION: When an instrument is brought from a cold into a warm environment,

condensation may cause a hazardous condition; therefore, make

sure that the grounding requirements are strictly adhered to.

3.4 INSTALLATION

3.4.1

Mechanical installation

The instrument is fan cooled and must be installed in a location that allows

sufficient space at the three important sides: rear, left, and right. Each side must

have a space of at least 1 inch (25 mm). The fan, located at the rear, cools the

instrument by drawing air into the openings at the rear and exhausting it through

openings on the sides. Each instrument output channel has its own fan.

Installation Instructions

3 - 3

3.4.2

Electrical installation

Pre-installation checks:

•

Read Chapter 1 "OPERATOR SAFETY" before making any connections.

Before inserting the power plug into the power supply, ensure that the

ground conductor is functioning correctly.

Check that this instrument is suitable for the local situation as indicated on the

model number plate (sticker) on the rear panel.

NOTE : If the instrument must be wired to conform to local power, contact your

FLUKE Sales and Service Center to have it modified.

The power inlet module, located at the rear, is an integral power adapter and

includes the power input socket, the holder for the two power fuses and the

POWER ON/OFF (1/0) switch. The two power fuses are located behind the flap

next to the power input socket.

WARNING: When a fuse must be replaced, the instrument must be turned

off and disconnected from the power. Refer to Chapter 2 in the

Reference Manual.

3 - 4

Users Manual

3.4.3

Front Connection Unit

Introduction

This section describes the use and capabilities of the Front Connection Unit,

mounted underneath the power supply.

The Front Connection Unit provides the interconnections between the rear and

front terminals.

The following programmable power supply types have a front connection unit:

•

single output model: PM2811/x5z

dual output model : PM2812/x5z

triple output model : PM2813/x5z

single output model: PM2831/x5z

dual output model : PM2832/x5z

x = Number assigned to various output ratings

z = Country version

Basic operation

Every output channel has been provided with four output terminals, a ground

terminal, and a SENSE switch.

FOUR OUTPUT TERMINALS

The inner 2 banana sockets are for the power output, i.e., +V and -V. The outer

2 banana sockets are for the sense input, i.e., +S and -S.

ONE GROUND TERMINAL

The ground (earth)terminal has been connected to the housing for grounding

and shielding purposes.

ONE SENSE SWITCH

This switch enables you to select local or remote sensing.

Note:

Switching from remote to local or from local to remote may cause a

sense break detection. To avoid this, it is advised to switch modes only

at power off.

Electrical properties

The maximum voltage between any terminal and ground

: 240 V

The maximum current through an output terminal

The maximum current that may be switched

15 A

4 A

Installation Instructions

3 - 5

Local sensing

The SENSE switch is in ’LOCAL’ position if S1 is ’closed’.

Load

-V

-S

CAUTION: Do not connect a load to the sense terminals +S and -S, because the

maximum current through the switch is limited to 4 A. Currents

exceeding this limit will damage the switch.

Also make sure that the sense wires (used for remote sensing) are

disconnected from the sense terminals to prevent current through the

sense switches.

Remote sensing

The SENSE switch is in ’REMOTE’ position if S1 is ’open’. The sense terminals

must be connected to the load.

Load

-V

-S

3 - 6

Users Manual

Half size model

Full size model

Installation Instructions

3 - 7

3.5 OUTPUT CONNECTIONS

This section describes the following output connections:

•

output channel terminals

GPIB connector

trigger bus SMB connectors

3.5.1

Output channel connections

The number of the output channels of the various power supplies is indicated in

the last figure of the model number (single, dual or triple).

= PM2811 and PM2831 (single)

= PM2812 and PM2832 (dual)

= PM2813 (triple)

OUTPUT

CHANNEL 1

OUTPUT

CHANNEL 2

OUTPUT

CHANNEL 3

Every output channel connector is identical and consists of four terminals, i.e., two

Voltage output terminals and two sense input terminals. A load can be connected

in one of the following ways:

•

to the + and - voltage terminals (local sensing)

to the + and - voltage and sense terminals (remote sensing)

(local sensing)

- V + V

(remote sensing)

- V + V

- S

+ S

- S

+ S

load

WARNING: To prevent SHOCK HAZARD, turn off the power before making

rear output channel connections. All wires and straps must be

properly insulated, and connected with terminal block screws

securely tightened. Before any connection can be made, the

plastic terminal block cover must be unscrewed and removed.

When the connections have been made, the plastic terminal

block cover must be reinstalled again.

3 - 8

Users Manual

3.5.2

GPIB connections

The GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus) is identical to the IEC 625 or IEEE 488

interface bus. At the rear you will find a 24-pin female connector in which the

connector pinning assignment is in accordance with IEEE 488.2 - 1987. An IEEE

cable connects your power supply via an IEEE interface board to a controller.

NDAC

DIO4 DIO2

SHIELD SRQ

DAV

EO1

ATN IFC FD

DIO3 DIO1

GND GND

REN DIO7 DIO5

GND

LOGIC GND

GND 10

GND GND DIO8 DIO6

ST6064

Figure 3.4 IEEE 488/IEC 625 Connections

3.5.3

Trigger bus connections

There are three SMB connectors at the rear: START, STEP, and READY.

The modes and functions of the connectors are shown in the following table.

NAME

MODE

FUNCTION

START

STEP

input

output

Enables stepping via the STEP input.

Executes the next step.

READY

Indicates whether a step is finished (ready for the next step).

The trigger bus connectors can be used to recall output channel settings from the

recall memory. For more information, refer to section 5.5.5 "Step functions".

Installation Instructions

3 - 9

3.6 ACCEPTANCE TESTS

The acceptance tests give information about the correct operation of the

instrument after installation.

The interface test must be performed when using the programmable power

supply for remote operation via the Controller/GPIB interface.

3.6.1

Brief check

After turning on your power supply, the following self tests on the hardware parts

will be performed automatically:

•

ROM test

RAM test

GPIB controller test

Microprocessor timer test

Communication (D²B) test

Display controller test

ADDA output channel(s) test

The tests will not show up on the display unless an error is detected. In the case

of a hardware error, the following text + error code is displayed:

ERROR n:ddd

Indication of the error source.

ddd = Summation of the decimal values of the

individual errors.

The following error codes are possible:

n = 0: Main CPU error

DECIMAL

ERROR DESCRIPTION

128

Display controller failure.

Bank switch failure.

Not used.

D²B failure.

IEEE controller failure.

Processor timer failure.

RAM failure.

ROM failure.

3 - 10

Users Manual

n = 1, 2, or 3: CPU error of output channel 1, 2, or 3

DECIMAL

ERROR DESCRIPTION

Not used.

128

ROM checksum error.

Configuration checksum error.

Calibration checksum error.

Checksum error of the default settings.

Processor timer failure.

Not used.

Output channel not responding.

If the display is correct, character # will be displayed on the 16 character

t t t t t t

positions. Also the text (ENABLED 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

be displayed for 1 second.

REM SRQ) will

ENABLED 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

REM SRQ

Next, the text INITIALIZING will be displayed for 1 second. If the mode after

power on is OPERATE, the readback voltage and current will be displayed if the

output is not DISABLED.

If not in OPERATE mode, the display shows STANDBY.

If a failure occurs during one of the tests, inform your FLUKE Sales and Service

Center so that repair or replacement of the instrument can be arranged.

These tests take a few seconds to run. The instrument will be ready for use when

the message STANDBY or the readback voltage and current appears on the

display.

Installation Instructions

3 - 11

3.6.2

Interface check

To perform the GPIB interface check, the power supply must be connected to the

controller via the GPIB; therefore, you need a GPIB interface card + software

GPIB drivers + a programming language.

The various parts of the following interface check must be executed sequentially.

Your power supply goes into the remote state when the first command is sent via

the GPIB. However, the results of programmed commands can still be monitored

on the display, e.g., the readback voltage and current. Also the text REM will be

displayed in the remote state.

The interface check consists of the following parts:

Check the GPIB address setting under the AUX menu.

send → IDN?

Identification query

read ← PHILIPS,PM28nn/xy,0,Va.b

Notes:

•

nn = 11, 12, 13, 31 or 32

x is the model indication

y is the hardware version

a.b = the firmware version

send → TST?

Read result of power on test.

read ← <response_string>

IF <response_string> = 0 THEN test result is correct

ELSE display controller failure

send → :TEST:SYSTEM?

Selftest power supply query.

read ← <response_string>

IF <response_string> = 0 THEN test result is correct

ELSE the <response_string> = hardware error number

send → :INST:NSEL 1

Select output channel 1 (only for

multiple output models).

send → :TEST:INSTRUMENT?

Selftest of the output channel 1.

read ← <response_string>

IF <response_string> = 0 THEN test result is correct

ELSE the <response_string> = hardware error number

Repeat this check for all available output channels.

Note:

For meaning of the hardware error numbers, refer to section 3.6.1 "Brief

check" or to "Error Messages" in the Reference Manual.

3 - 12

Users Manual

The following check can be executed for all available output channels. A choice

has been made for output channel 1 of a multiple output model. For single output

models, the output channel does not have to be selected and the channel

indication will not be displayed.

Use the SELECT key to select the output channel to be displayed (only for

multiple output models).

send → :INST:NSEL 1

Select output channel 1.

send → :OUTP:STAT ON

Enable selected output channel.

Read on the display: 1 S T A N D B Y

ENABLED 1

REM

send → :INST:STAT ON

Set power supply in OPERATE mode.

Read on the display: 1 x x . x x V

y y . y y A

ENABLED 1

REM

Note:

The channel indication (n) and the text "ENABLED n" will be displayed

only on multiple output models.

If a failure occurs during one of the GPIB interface tests, inform your FLUKE Sales

and Service Center so that repair or replacement of the instrument can be

arranged.

3.6.3

Performance Verification

If the brief check (section 3.6.1) and the interface check (section 3.6.2) pass

successfully without error messages, you may carry out a performance check

before starting to use the power supply.

Appendix B in the Reference Manual gives a complete and simple procedure to

verify the performance of your power supply.

Getting Familair with the Power Supply

4 - 1

4 GETTING FAMILIAR WITH THE POWER

SUPPLY

This chapter will help the user new to programmable power supplies.

4.1 INITIAL SETUP OF YOUR POWER SUPPLY

4.1.1

Power up routine

WARNING: Before you turn on your power supply, make sure that the

power input voltage matches the power voltage specifications

on the decal on the rear of your power supply. Refer to section

3.4.2 "Installation" for instructions on how to check this.

Turn the power on by pressing the switch at the rear. The power

supply performs a series of self tests that last about 5 seconds.

Normal self test indications

After the power supply has executed the self tests, all characters and

annunciators will be displayed, followed by the message INITIALIZING. At the

end of the self tests, the supply is in the standby mode (STANDBY displayed) or

in the operate mode (actual voltage and current displayed).

Self test errors

If a power-on self test fails, all output channels will remain disabled, and the

display will indicate the type of failure and the output channel on which it occurred.

If this is the case, refer to section 3.6 "Acceptance tests".

4 - 2

Users Manual

4.1.2

Instrument identification

Your power supply can be identified by its model number and version number. At

delivery the power supply has a default IEEE device address. To identify your

power supply, proceed as follows:

1) Start up the identification by pressing:

AUX

the

A D D R E S S

Note: The address aa is the actual GPIB device address (default = 28).

2) Proceed with the identification by pressing:

AUX

key as many times as necessary to dislay the following:

a a

the

P M 2 8 n n V x . x y : z z

Note : - PM28nn is the model number of the power supply.

key again so that the display shows the following:

- Vx.x is the firmware version of the power supply.

- y is the number of the output channel (1, 2 or 3).

- zz is the firmware version of the output channel.

The firmware versions of all output channels can be verified by pressing

SELECT

to change Y (output channel number) on the display.

Note: The SELECT function is applicable only for multiple output models.

ENTER

3) Finish the identification by pressing:

Getting Familair with the Power Supply

4 - 3

4.2 FRONT PANEL LAYOUT

The following sections describe how to use the front panel control keys in

combination with the 16-character display and the annunciators concerned. To be

able to use the front panel keys, the power supply must be in the local mode. If

LCL

the supply is in the remote mode (REM text displayed), press

If the power supply does not react after you press the LCL key, this key is disabled

remotely by the Local Lockout (LLO) command from the GPIB controller.

Pressing the front panel keys when the power supply is in the remote mode, will

have no effect on programmed settings. It is, however, possible to view the actual

settings on the front panel display, by using the front panel keys SELECT, V, I,

OVP, DELAY, UNMASK, DISP, and AUX.

4.2.1

Keyboard controls

The front panel keyboard controls the following power supply functions:

LCL

AUX

STORE

RECALL

STEP

OUTPUT

SET

FAULT

DELAY

OPR

STBY

SELECT

−

OVP

RESET

DISP

OFF

RESET

ENABLE

DISABLE

OCP EN

OCP DIS

UNMASK

ENTER

−

ST6628

19 18 17 16 15

FUNCTION

KEY

DESCRIPTION

OPR

OUTPUT control

Toggle between OPERATE and STANDBY.

STBY

SELECT

Select an individual channel (applicable only

for multiple output models).

ENABLE

DISABLE

Enable/disable the selected channel

(applicable only for multiple output models).

SET output

Verify/set the output voltage of the selected

channel.

4 - 4

Users Manual

Verify/set the output current of the selected

channel.

OVP

Verify/set the overvoltage trip level of the

selected channel.

OCP EN

OCP DIS

Enable/disable the overcurrent protection of

the selected channel.

DELAY

UNMASK

DISP

FAULT handling

Verify/set the reprogramming delay

Verify/set the bit mask of the fault register.

Show the contents of the fault register.

RESET

Reset the overvoltage/overcurrent/fail

protection.

−

Adjust output

Adjust the output voltage of the selected

channel. *)

Adjust the output current of the selected

channel. *)

*) Only in OPERATE mode.

Numeric input

Input a decimal number.

Turn off key.

. . .

OFF

Turn on key.

Input a decimal point.

Erase previous key stroke (backspace) or

leave the STEP function.

ENTER

Enter the input value or exit the current

function.

AUX

Instrument control

Step through the following control functions:

a) Enter the STEP MENU function (press

ENTER).

Set AUTO STEP function on or off.

Program the step TIME INTerval.

Set CONTINUOUS step function on or off.

Define START AT entry of loop sequence.

Define STOP AT entry of loop sequence.

b) COUPLE voltage and current

PARAmeters.

Getting Familair with the Power Supply

4 - 5

c) COUPLE PROTection of all output

channels.

d) Set STandBY AT Power ON behavior on or

off.

e) Adjust the CONTRAST of the display (0-9).

f) LOCK the KEYboard

g) Verify/set the GPIB ADDRESS (0 - 30).

h) Verify the identity and firmware version of

the power supply + its output channel(s).

i) Verify/set the CALlibration access CODE

LCL

Switch the power supply to local control.

STORE

Store the voltage and current settings of all

output channels (999 store addresses).

RECALL

Recall the stored voltage and current settings

from all output channels (999 recall

addresses).

STEP

Step from one recalled group of settings to the

next group of settings.

RESET

Pencil point operation push button to reset the

power supply while power is on.

1) The CALIBRATION mode is entered when you turn on the power supply while

pressing the AUX key.

2) To unlock the keyboard, press the ENTER key for approximately 5 seconds.

4 - 6

Users Manual

4.2.2

Display indicators

In the OPERATE mode, the display can show up to 16 characters, which are

refreshed four times per second.

On the front plate just below the display, a number of status abbreviations, e.g.,

CV (Constant Voltage), have been placed. Above each status abbreviation an

annunciator ( sign) can be displayed to indicate the validity of the corresponding

status abbreviation.

The enabled output channels (1 to 3) in the OPERATE mode plus the REM and

SRQ status abbreviations can also be displayed.

Example of a voltage setting (V_set) for output channel 1:

selected output channel

selected function

set value

ENABLED 1 2 3

REM SRQ

STEP

FLT CV CC OCP

Note:

The output channel indication is displayed only for multiple output

channel models.

Example of readback data for output channel 2:

selected output channel

readback voltage

readback current

ENABLED 1 2 3

REM SRQ

STEP

FLT CV CC OCP

Note:

The output channel indication is displayed only for multiple output

channel models.

Getting Familair with the Power Supply

4 - 7

4.3 OUTPUT CHANNEL CONNECTIONS

WARNING: To prevent SHOCK HAZARD, turn off the line power before

making output channel connections or disable the output

channel concerned. All wires and straps must be properly

insulated, and connected with terminal block screws securely

tightened. Before any connection can be made, the plastic

terminal block cover must be unscrewed and removed. When

the connections have been made, the plastic terminal block

cover must be secured again.

Each output channel has been provided with a set of four terminals. The inner two

have been marked as - V(oltage) and + V(oltage), while the outer two have been

marked as - S(ense) and + S(ense). At delivery the +V and +S, as well as the -V

and -S terminals have been interconnected by straps.

Rear view of an output channel connected to a load:

(local sensing)

(remote sensing)

- S

- V + V

+ S

- S

- V + V

+ S

load

The voltage at the sense terminal(s) equals the programmed value. The voltage

at a connected load may differ from the programmed value, because of a voltage

drop depending on the resistance of the wires to the load and the current through

the load.

If the voltage drop is negligible, the load wires only have to be connected to the

+V and -V terminals. This is called ’local sensing’.

However, if the voltage drop is significant, the voltage at the load can differ from

the programmed value. To prevent this, the straps between the +V and +S and -

V and -S terminals must be removed and the load wires must also be connected

to the +S and -S terminals. This is called ’remote sensing’.

Note:

The terminals have been shielded with a plastic block cover which must

be removed before any connection can be made.

WARNING: To avoid FIRE HAZARD, select a wire large enough to carry

short-circuit current without overheating. Two factors must be

considered when selecting the wire size for load connections:

- Conductor temperature, i.e., the current-carrying capacity.

- Total voltage drop, i.e., the wire length and thickness.

4 - 8

Users Manual

4.4 GETTING STARTED

The various parts of this tutorial must be executed sequentially. Before starting

with this tutorial, make sure the power supply is in the local state. If the supply is

LCL

in the remote state (REM is displayed), press

. If the REM text does not

disappear, the LCL key is disabled remotely by the Local Lockout (LLO) command

from the GPIB controller.

If the display shows the measured output voltage and current of one of the output

channels, the power supply is in the OPERATE mode. Before starting with the

tutorial, set the power supply to the STANDBY mode by pressing

the OPR/STBYkey.

Notes:

•

For multiple output models the selected output channel number n will

be displayed.

For a single output model the number n will not be displayed.

4.4.1

Selecting an output channel

Make an output channel active as follows.

If you have a single output model, skip the first three lines of the following

sequence.

SELECT

Press

to select the desired output channel.

The display then shows the selected output channel.

ENABLE

Press

to enable the selected output (if not already enabled).

DISABLE

The display shows: n S T A N D B Y

ENABLED n

OPR

Press

to set the power supply to OPERATE mode.

x x . x x V y y . y y A

STBY

The display shows: n

ENABLED n

Getting Familair with the Power Supply

4 - 9

4.4.2

Setting an output voltage

Do not connect any load. The +V and +S terminals must be interconnected as well

as the -V and -S terminals.

1) Set the voltage of the selected output channel to 5V by pressing:

The display shows: n V S E T

ENTER

2) Enter the output voltage setting by pressing

Check that the display reads approximately 5V. Also check that the CV

annunciator is on, indicating that the selected output channel is in the

Constant Voltage mode.

3) Program the overvoltage trip level to 7V by pressing:

OVP

The display shows: n O V S E T

4) Enter the overvoltage trip level setting by pressing

ENTER

5) Set the voltage of the selected output channel to 8V by pressing:

The display shows: n V S E T

ENTER

6) Enter the output voltage setting by pressing

, and

check that the display reads: n O V E R V O L T A G E

7) Set the output voltage to 6V and reset the overvoltage protection by pressing:

ENTER

RESET

Check that the display reads approximately 6V.

4 - 10

Users Manual

4.4.3

Setting an output current

1) Turn off the power supply.

2) Remove the plastic terminal block cover from the output to be tested.

Connect a short circuit (jumper wire) between the - V(oltage) and + V(oltage)

output terminals as follows:

- S

- V

+ V

+ S

Note:

The diameter of the jumper wire must be large enough to carry the

maximum short-circuit current.

3) Turn on the power supply. If the supply is in the STANDBY mode or if the

selected output channel is disabled, repeat the tutorial commands given in

section 4.4.1.

4) Check that the CC annunciator is on, indicating that the output channel is in

the Constant Current mode.

5) Set the current of the selected output channel to 0.5A by pressing:

The display shows: n I S E T

6) Enter the output current setting by pressing

check that the display reads approximately 0.5A.

0 . 5

ENTER

, and

7) Enable the overcurrent protection circuit (OCP) by pressing:

OCP EN

OCP DIS

8) The display shows: n O V E R C U R R E N T

The OCP EN annunciator is on, indicating that overcurrent protection is

enabled. The CC annunciator should be off.

Getting Familair with the Power Supply

4 - 11

9) Disable the overcurrent protection and reset the output channel by pressing:

OCP EN

RESET

OCP DIS

Check that the display reads approximately 0.5A.

Also check that the CC annunciator is on, indicating that the output channel

is in the ’Constant Current’ mode again.

10) Turn off the power supply.

11) Remove the jumper wire between the - V(oltage) and + V(oltage) output

terminals and reattach the terminal block cover.

4 - 12

Users Manual

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 1

5 USING YOUR PROGRAMMABLE

POWER SUPPLY

5.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter contains functional information about using your programmable power

supply (PPS). It covers basic information, such as connecting a load to an output

channel, and more advanced information such as the following:

1) Connecting loads in parallel to an output channel.

2) Connecting output channels in series to a load to increase the maximum

output voltage or connecting them in parallel to a load to increase the output

current.

This chapter also contains information about main operating features and

describes how to use those features. You can use your programmable power

supply in one of the following ways:

1) In a system environment, via a system controller (PC + IEEE interface). This

is called "remote operation".

2) As a bench-top instrument, using the front panel keys, indicators and display.

This is called "local operation".

Each output channel of the power supply is a dc power source with controlled

limits for power, voltage, and current. An output channel can operate as a

constant voltage (CV) source, as a constant current (CC) source, or as a constant

current (CC) sink (PM283x only) depending on voltage/current settings and load

conditions. The maximum output voltage or current is limited by the following:

1) The maximum voltage and current cannot exceed the output channel-specific

limits.

2) The product of voltage and current cannot exceed the output channel-specific

power limit according to the formula Vset x Iset ≤ Pmax.

For output limits, refer to section 5.5.1 "Output channel ratings and

characteristics".

CAUTION: You may turn on your power supply if you are sure that the

installation instructions as described in Chapter 3 have been

followed. The power supply is ready for use within a few seconds

after power-up. After a warm-up time of 30 minutes, your power

supply meets the specifications listed in the Reference Manual.

5 - 2

Users Manual

5.2 LOCAL OPERATION

Local operation of your power supply is done through the front panel keys and

display. Operational and error information is shown on the display. The keys are

used for operator communication and have been placed into functional groups.

This makes the functional use of the power supply very easy:

•

OUTPUT control : control over the output channels

SET output

: setting a channel output

FAULT handling

: fault handling per output channel

output adjustment : adjusting a channel output

numeric control : input of figures or special keys

instrument control : control over the instrument

reset

reset the power supply

OPR/STBY

SELECT

set OPERATE or STANDBY mode

OUTPUT control

SET output

select output channel

ENABLE/DISABLE enable/disable output channel

set output voltage

set output current

set overvoltage protection trip level

enable/disable overcurrent

protection

OVP

OCP EN/OCP DIS

DELAY

RESET

UNMASK

DISP

verify/set reprogramming delay

reset protection circuits

verify/set fault mask

display fault register

FAULT handling

- V +

- I +

adjust output voltage

adjust output current

output adjustment

0 (OFF)

1 (ON)

2 ... 9

figures

numeric control

(backspace)

ENTER

specials

(dot)

•

LCL

gain local control

AUX

perform system functions

store voltage/current settings

recall voltage/current settings

step through voltage/current settings

instrument control

STORE

RECALL

STEP

Note:

= applies to multiple output models only.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 3

5.3 REMOTE OPERATION

In the remote mode, pressing the front panel keys will have no effect on

programmed settings. It is, however, possible to view the actual settings on the

front panel display, by pressing the front panel keys SELECT, V, I, OVP, DELAY,

UNMASK, DISP, LCL, and AUX.

SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) is a standardized set

of commands to be used for remote control of programmable test and measure

instruments. It defines the syntax and semantics that the controller must use to

communicate with an instrument, and is implemented in the instrument’s

firmware.

Please, read the users handbook ‘Standard Commands for Programmable

Instruments? to get familiar with the SCPI and IEEE-488.2 standards. This

handbook can be ordered at your local Fluke representative. See Appendix A for

more information.

5 - 4

Users Manual

5.4 OPERATING FEATURES

Your programmable power supply is equipped with a GPIB interface, which

conforms to the IEEE-488.2 standard and the SCPI protocol (Standard

Commands for Programmable Instruments). The power supply can be

programmed to operate in a remotely controlled instrumentation system via the

GPIB.

You can use each output channel of the power supply as a constant voltage

source (CV mode), as a constant current source (CC mode), or as a constant

current sink (PM283x only). There are three instrument types available:

•

single output channel power supply

dual output channel power supply

triple output channel power supply

A channel can have various output voltage and output current ratings.

The operating structure and operating principles are identical for each instrument

type and for each output channel.

The following features have been implemented in each power supply:

•

Power on self-test and diagnostics routines.

Readback capability of the measured voltage and current of each output

channel.

•

Each output channel offers the ability to sense locally or remotely. For remote

sensing, the sense terminals (+S and -S) must be connected to the load

instead of the +V and -V output terminals; then the programmed voltage (V_set

)

is guaranteed to be across the load, in spite of the voltage drop in the wires to

the load.

•

A nonvolatile memory (battery backed up). This enables you to:

- store and recall voltage and current settings of all output channels

(refer to section 5.5.4 "Store/Recall function")

- save and recall the front panel settings (refer to the common

commands SAV and RCL).

In this way, stored settings can be recalled, even after a long period of power

off.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 5

•

Extended STEP possibilities, i.e., the capability to step sequentially through a

number of predefined voltage and current settings. This can

be done: - Manually using the STEP key.

- Automatically at predefined intervals (internal timer)

- Externally - by a STEP line trigger via the trigger bus

- by a trigger via the GPIB interface

You can use this feature to generate test patterns and simulate ramp

functions. The following table shows in which operating modes the STEP

capabilities can be used:

TRIGGER SOURCE

LOCAL OPERATION

REMOTE OPERATION

MANUAL

AUTOMATIC

STEP key

AUX key

Not possible

:SOURCE:LIST:... commands

:INIT / :ABORT command

Trigger STEP line trigger

EXTERNAL-STEP line

EXTERNAL-GPIB

STEP line

not applicable

TRG / GET command

•

Closed-case calibration, i.e., your power supply can be calibrated without

removing the cover or even without removing the instrument from your system

cabinet. This feature allows you to calibrate your power supply at its normal

operating temperature. The recommended calibration interval is one year.

Refer to section 7.3.3 "Calibration" for complete calibration details.

Protection circuitry for safe operation of your power supply:

- by providing protection against OVERTEMPERATURE

- by reporting an UNREGULATED output channel situation

- by reporting conflicts in parameter settings

- by reporting erroneous situations during operation

Protection circuitry to protect a connected load:

- against OVERVOLTAGE on each output channel

- against OVERCURRENT on each output channel

- against exceeding the sense capability on each output channel

- with the ability to couple the voltage and current setting of the same output

channel (not valid for the linear power supplies)

- with the ability to couple the protection mechanisms of different output

channels of the same power supply

To increase the total output power, connect an output channel to another output

channel of the same voltage and current ratings. The connection can be made in

series or in parallel. The output channels to be connected can be from the same

power supply or from different power supplies; however, the capability of coupling

protection mechanisms is only possible for output channels within the same

power supply.

5 - 6

Users Manual

The following illustrations show the possible connections.

•

SERIES connection to increase the total output voltage capability:

V₁

_load=V₁+ V₂

–

I_load= V_loadR_load

P_load= V_loadx I_load

V₂

–

WARNING: To guarantee the safe use of the power supply, the total

maximum voltage at each terminal must not exceed 240V

with respect to ground.

Examples:

• 2x 60V/2A = 120V/2A

• 2x 120V/1A= 240V/1A : maximum power = 240W

• 2x 8V/15A = 16V/15A :maximum power = 240W

: maximum power = 240W

•

PARALLEL connection to increase the total output current capability:

I₁

I₂

I_load= I₁+ I₂

V_load=I_loadx R_load

P_load=I_loadx V_load

V₁

V₂

–

Examples:

CAUTION:

• 2x 60V/2A = 60V/4A

• 2x 120V/1 = 120V/2A

• 2x 8V/15A =8V/30A

: maximum power = 240W

: maximum power= 240W

Only output channels with equivalent voltage and current

ratings may be connected in series or in parallel to prevent that

the channel with the lowest ratings will be damaged.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 7

5.5 HOW TO USE THE OPERATING FEATURES

This section contains information about how to use the features of your power

supply, such as:

•

Dealing with output channel-specific ratings and characteristics.

Performing local and remote sensing.

Using an output channel as constant voltage or constant current source.

Using the memory functions:

- Store/recall voltage/current settings.

- Step manually through voltage/current settings.

- Step automatically through voltage/current settings.

5.5.1

Output channel characteristics

PM2811/12/13

Each individual output channel can supply power according to its output

characteristic. Figure 5.5.1 below gives you information about the three possible

output channel characteristics. The power output is rated and limited according to

the formula: P (power) = U (voltage) x I (current).

P=120W

P=60W

10 20

⁶10 20 30

60 70

40 50

VOLTAGE U (V)

60 70

40 50

VOLTAGE U (V)

ST5835

30V/10A/60W

60V/5A/60W

60V/10A/120W

Figure 5.5.1 Output Channel Characteristics

As an example look at the 30V/10A/60W output channel ratings:

•

For voltages from 0 to 6V the current can increase to its maximum of 10A. For

voltages > 6 to 30V, the current can increase to its maximum along the stated

curve, e.g., 20V gives maximum of 3A.

•

For currents from 0 to 2A the maximum voltage can be 30V. For currents > 2

to 10A, the voltage can increase to its maximum along the stated curve, e.g.,

5A gives a maximum of 12V.

5 - 8

Users Manual

PM2831/32

The following characteristic shows the work area of the output parameters. The

linear system power supplies PM2831 and PM2832 can source as well as sink

currents. There is, however, only one setting for current. When the power supply

is used as a load, the value of the sink current will always track the positive

setting.

−Pmax

Pmax

Vmax

Constant voltage as well

as constant current mode

possible.

Only constant current

mode possible.

ST6878

1.5V

−Imax

Imax

−A

Figure 5.5.2 Output channel characteristics

This characteristic shows that the power supply will output maximum power (only)

at V_max@ I_maxand will absorb maximum power at V_max@ -I_max

Overcurrent protection, if enabled, will also work for sink currents that exceed I_set

Overvoltage protection will work also for voltages applied from an external source,

if the voltage from this source exceeds the overvoltage protection level.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 9

Current sink characteristics PM2831/32

The following figure gives an example that shows the sink characteristics of the

power supply. The power supply is used as a constant current load for an external

source, where the sink capability of the power supply is demonstrated.

Overvoltage protection is set to the maximum level and overcurrent protection is

disabled.

source

(External Constant

Voltage Source)

source

−0.6V+0.15V

−0.6V

source

−A

ST6841

Iset_load

Figure 5.5.3 Current sink characteristics

The power supply and the external source (this may be another power supply) are

set to the same output voltage: V_source. There is no current flow yet.

The current settings are: I_{set_source}> I_{set_load}

The voltage setting of the load is gradually decreased by pressing the -V+ key. The

change of the actual voltage setting is not visible on the display, because the display

will show the constant voltage applied by the external source. But the voltage

setting of the power supply can be made visible at any moment by pressing the V

key. When the setting approaches V_source- 0.6V, the power supply switches to the

constant current (CC) mode at the level of -I_{set_load}. In this situation the negative

current of the power supply tracks the programmed (positive) value I_{set_load}

The voltage can be raised by pressing the -V+ key. When the setting approaches

V_source- 0.6V + 0.15V, the power supply will exit constant current mode and return

to the constant voltage mode @ 0A.

5 - 10

Users Manual

5.5.2

Local and remote sensing

All models have the ability to sense the output voltage locally or remotely. The

wires between an output channel and the connected load have a resistance,

which causes a voltage drop. If the voltage drop is not acceptable, remote sensing

must be applied.

₂Rlead

Rload

₂Rlead

ST5836

Figure 5.5.4 Voltage drop due to Wire Resistance R_lead

The formula to calculate the voltage drop is V_drop= I_loadx R_lead

•

V_drop= the total voltage drop of both wires

I_load= the current through the load

R_lead= the total resistance of both wires between the power supply and the

load

Figures 5.5.5 and 5.5.6 show the difference between a local and remote

connection has been indicated.

CAUTION:

To prevent shock or short-circuit you must set the power supply to

the standby mode before making any changes in the output

channel connections or you must disable the output channel (only

possible for multiple output models).

All the models and their output channels have the same terminal block (see the

following diagram). This means that all output channels have the local or remote

sensing feature. The load is supplied with power (voltage and/or current) through

the output terminals -V and + V. The readback of the output voltage is done

through the input terminals -S and + S.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 11

Local sensing mode:

Local sensing is used when the voltage across the load does not need to

compensate for the voltage drop across the load leads. This may be the case

when the following conditions exist:

•

Short wires between the output channel and the load (R_load> R_lead).

Low current through the connected load.

Rload

ST5837

Figure 5.5.5 Connection of a Load in the Local Sense Mode

Remote sensing mode:

Remote sensing is used if the voltage accross the load must exactly match the

programmed value; remote sensing will namely compensate for the voltage drop

accross the load leads. This mode will be useful when the following conditions exist:

•

Long leads between the output channel and the load (R_load≤ R_lead).

High current through the connected load.

R load

ST5847

Figure 5.5.6 Connection of a Load in the Remote Sense Mode

Note that with remote sensing, the readback of the load voltage is monitored at

the load terminals. When using the remote sensing mode, it is necessary to twist

the sense wires to avoid disturbance and noise pickup in the sense input

terminals, which might cause instability of the output.

During remote sensing, the power supply can compensate for voltage drops up to

a specified minimum value. This is called the remote sense capability (see the

Reference Manual, Appendix A). When the voltage drop exceeds this value,

sense FAIL may occur. The output voltage and current are then reduced to zero

and the display shows the FAIL message.

5 - 12

Users Manual

When the sense leads are disconnected, the power supply goes into the local sense

mode, as the V and S terminals are internally interconnected via resistors. Yet you are

strongly recommended to interconnect the V and S terminals with the straps if you

use the local sense mode, as open sense inputs are sensitive to noise. Moreover, the

output specifications are not guaranteed when the sense terminals are open.

Output modules with low voltage ratings may have less sense capability for output

voltages in the upper part of the voltage range, e.g. the 8V/15A module for the

sense range from 4V to 8V (see the Reference Manual, Appendix A).

For power supplies with a Front Connection Unit, the sense capability is reduced

with about 5mV/A per load lead.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 13

5.5.3

Constant voltage or constant current source

Your power supply has been designed according to the automatic crossover

principle. This means that each output channel will operate in the Constant

Voltage (CV) mode or in the Constant Current CC mode, depending on:

•

the programmed output voltage V_setand current I_set

the resistance (impedance) of the load R_load, connected to the output channel

For a given V_setand I_set, an output channel is either:

V_set

in the CV mode if R_load

or in the CC mode if R_load

I_set

In the CV mode the output is a constant voltage, so the current through the load

depends on the load resistance (R_load).

In the CC mode the output is a constant current, so the voltage across the load

depends on the load resistance (R_load).

The following picture shows when the output channel goes into the CV or into the

CC mode of operation, when connected to a variable resistor R_load

R=∞ (open circuit)

Vset

Iset

Rload >Rc

Rc=

(crossover point)

V(set)

Rload <Rc

R= (short circuit)

ST5848

I(set)

Current

Figure 5.5.7 Power Output Crossover Point

If R_loadincreases (R_load> R_c), the output channel goes into the CV mode,

reducing the current through the load.

If R_loaddecreases (R_load< R_c), the output channel goes into the CC mode,

reducing the voltage across the load.

5 - 14

Users Manual

To protect the load against excessive currents, the maximum current I_setcan be

programmed, and the overcurrent protection can be enabled.

To protect the load against excessive voltages, the overvoltage protection level

OVP_setcan be programmed.

LIMITATIONS

The output power is limited by:

•

the output specific maximum power P_max, according to the formula:

I_setx V_set<= P_max

RESTRICTIONS

The output voltage is restricted by:

•

the output specific maximum voltage, or

the overvoltage protection level OVP_set

Note:

When the output voltage exceeds the overvoltage protection level,

both the output voltage and current are reduced to zero.

The output current is restricted by:

•

the output specific maximum current, or

the programmed maximum current level I_set

Note:

If the overcurrent protection has been enabled and the output current

exceeds the maximum current (I_set), the output voltage and current

are reduced to zero.

If the overcurrent protection has been disabled, the output current

will be kept at its maximum (I_set). The consequence is that the output

voltage will not reach its programmed value (V_set), and the output

channel will go into the CC mode.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

Example for a variable load resistance:

5 - 15

power

output

V_set

OVP_set

I_set

V_set= Voltage programmed

I_set= Current programmed

R_load= 2Ω to 20Ω (variable)

load

Required: The V_setand I_setparameter have been coupled for the selected

output channel.

• I_Set= 1A

Programmed current becomes 1A.

• V_set= 8V Programmed voltage becomes 8V.

The crossover point resistance R_c= V_set/ I_set= 8Ω.

• If R_loadincreases from 8Ω to 16Ω, then R_load> R_c, so the output channel goes

into the CV mode (refer to figure 5.5.7). This means that V_load= 8V and

I_loadbecomes 8V/16Ω = 0.5A.

• If R_loaddecreases from 8Ω to 4Ω, then R_load< R_c, so the output channel goes

into the CC mode (refer to figure 5.5.7). This means that I_load= 1A and V_load

becomes 1A x 4Ω = 4V.

Example for a fixed load resistance:

V_set

OVP_set= OverVoltage programmed

I_set= Current programmed

= Voltage programmed

power

output

V_set

OVP_set

I_set

load

Required: - Fixed load resistance R_load= 10Ω.

- Overcurrent protection disabled (OCP DIS).

- The V_setand I_setparameter have not been coupled.

5 - 16

Users Manual

• I_set= 0.5A

• OVP_set= 7V Overvoltage protection trip level becomes 7V.

Sequentially the voltages 2V, 4V, 6V, and 8V will be programmed:

Maximum current through the load becomes 0.5A.

• V_set= 2V

• V_set= 4V

• V_set= 6V

I_load= V_set/ R_load=2V/10Ω = 0.2A.

The output channel stays in the CV mode.

I_load= V_set/ R_load= 4V/10Ω = 0.4A.

The output channel stays in the CV mode.

I_load= V_set/ R_load= 6V/10Ω = 0.6A. However, the maximum

output current (0.5A) is going to be exceeded. Therefore, the

current through the load becomes 0.5A and the voltage

across the load is limited at 0.5A x 10Ω = 5V.

The output channel goes into the CC mode.

• I_set= 1A

The maximum current through the load becomes 1A.

I_load= V_set/ R_load= 6V/10Ω = 0.6A. The voltage across the

load becomes 0.6A x 10Ω = 6V.

The output channel goes back into the CV mode.

• V_set= 8V

Now the overvoltage protection trip level OVP_set(7V) is going

to be exceeded. This will activate the overvoltage protection

circuitry, so the output voltage and current will be reduced to

zero. Also the message OVERVOLTAGE will be displayed.

• OVP_set= 9V The overvoltage protection trip level becomes 9V.

• RESET

The overvoltage protection circuitry is reset, and the voltage

across the load becomes 8V.

I_load= V_set/ R_load= 8V/10Ω = 0.8A.

The output channel remains in the CV mode.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

Local control (in CV or CC mode):

5 - 17

The voltage V_setcan be set using the

Example:

key and the numeric input keys.

Press the V key to start the voltage setting.

Press the keys 3, . (dot), 4 and ENTER to enter the setting of 3.4V.

The current I_setcan be set using the

Example:

key and the numeric input keys.

Press the I key to start the current setting.

Press the keys 0, dot (.), 2, 3 and ENTER to enter the setting of 0.23A.

OVP

The overvoltage protection level OVP_setcan be set using the

the numeric input keys.

key and

Example:

Press the OVP key to initiate the overvoltage setting.

Press the keys 7 and ENTER to enter the overvoltage setting of 7V.

OCP EN

OCP DIS

The overcurrent protection can be enabled/disabled using the

Example:

key.

Press the OCP EN/OCP DIS key.

IF OCP was enabled THEN OCP is disabled

ELSE OCP is enabled.

OCP

IFOCPhasbeenenabled,theannunciatorabovethetext

willbedisplayed.

An overcurrent or overvoltage trip protection can be reset by pressing the

RESET

key.

The display of OVERCURRENT or OVERVOLTAGE will also

disappear.

In the CV mode, the annunciator above the text CV will be displayed.

In the CC mode, the annunciator above the text CC will be displayed.

5 - 18

Users Manual

Remote control (in CV or CC mode):

The voltage V_setcan be programmed by the SOURCE subsystem command:

[:SOURce]:VOLTage[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]

The voltage V_setcan be requested by the SOURCE subsystem query:

[:SOURce]:VOLTage[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]?

The output voltage can be read back by the MEASURE subsystem query:

:MEASure[:SCALar]:VOLTage[:DC]?

Example:

Send → :VOLT 3.4

Send → :VOLT?

Read ← set_voltage

Print set_voltage

Send → :MEAS:VOLT?

Read ← meas_voltage

Print meas_voltage

Set 3.4V.

Send request voltage setting.

Read voltage setting.

Display voltage setting.

Send readback query.

Read output voltage.

Display measured voltage.

The current I_setcan be programmed by the SOURCE subsystem command:

[:SOURce]:CURRent[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]

The current I_setcan be requested by the SOURCE subsystem query:

[:SOURce]:CURRent[:LEVel][:IMMediate][:AMPLitude]?

The output current can be read back by the MEASURE subsystem query:

:MEASure[:SCALar]:CURRent[:DC]?

Example:

Send → :CURR 0.23

Send → :CURR?

Read ← set_current

Print set_current

Send → :MEAS:CURR?

Read ← meas_current

Print meas_current

Set 0.23A.

Send request current setting.

Read current setting.

Display current setting.

Send readback query.

Read output current.

Display measured current.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 19

The overvoltage protection level OVP_setcan be programmed by the SOURCE

subsystem command: [:SOURce]:VOLTage:PROTection[:LEVel]

The overvoltage protection level OVP_setcan be requested by the SOURCE

subsystem query:

Example:

[:SOURce]:VOLTage:PROTection[:LEVel]?

Send → :VOLT:PROT 7

Send → :MEAS:PROT?

Read ← meas_over_voltage

Print meas_over_voltage

Set 7V protection level.

Send readback query.

Read overvoltage protection level.

Display overvoltage protection level.

Theovercurrentprotectioncanbeenabled/disabledbytheSOURCEsubsystemcommand:

[:SOURce]:CURRent:PROTection:STATe

Example:

Send → :CURR:PROT:STAT ON Enable overcurrent protection.

Send → :CURR:PROT:STAT OFF Disable overcurrent protection.

5.5.4

Store/recall function

Your programmable power supply has a recall memory (battery backed up) to be

used for storing and recalling voltage and current settings of all output channels.

The battery back up feature ensures that the stored values will be kept in memory

during power-off. The recall memory consists of 999 addresses, numbered from

1 to 999. A recall memory address contains space for the voltage and current

setting of all available output channels.

output channel 3

output channel 2

output channel 1

address 1

address 2

voltage 1

voltage 2

current 1

current 2

address 998 voltage 998 current 998

address 999 voltage 999 current 999

5 - 20

Users Manual

At delivery the contents of all addresses are set to their minimum value. When an

address has been filled, its contents can be recalled, so that the settings become

actual. The actual settings can be updated in OPERATE and STANDBY modes,

but they are only active in the OPERATE mode. When the power supply is in the

STANDBY mode, the actual settings will become active as soon as the OPERATE

mode is entered.

Note:

To remember which locations have been programmed and which have

not, keep a record (such as the following) of which locations have been

used.

MEMORY

OUTPUT CHANNEL 1

VOLTAGE CURRENT

2.0 0.00

OUTPUT CHANNEL 2

VOLTAGE CURRENT

5.9 0.90

ADDRESS

1.9

1.8

etc.

0.10

0.20

etc.

5.8

5.7

etc.

0.80

0.70

etc.

Local control (store/recall):

The voltage V_setcan be set using the

key and the numeric input keys.

The output voltage can be adjusted using the

key in the OPERATE mode.

The current I_setcan be set using the

key and the numeric input keys.

The output current can be adjusted using the

key in the OPERATE mode.

STORE

The actual voltage/current setting can be stored using the

key.

The actual voltage/current setting can be recalled using the ^RECALLkey.

Example:

•

REQUIREMENTS : Fill the memory address 23 with 5V/0.3A and the

memory addresses 33, 34, and 35 with, respectively,

4V/1A, 3V/1A and 2V/1A for output channel 1.

SOLUTION:

OPR

STBY

Press

to make the STANDBY mode active.

SELECT

For multiple output units, press

a number of times until output

channel 1 has been selected (see indication 1 on the display).

ENTER

Press

to set the actual voltage at 5V.

to set the actual current at 0.3A.

ENTER

STORE

to store the 5V and 0.3A at memory address 23.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 21

ENTER

Press

to set the actual voltage at 4V.

to set the actual current at 1A.

STORE

ENTER

to store the 4V and 1A at memory address 33.

ENTER

to set the actual voltage at 3V.

STORE

ENTER

to store the 3V and 1A at memory address 34.

ENTER

to set the actual voltage at 2V.

STORE

ENTER

to store the 2V and 1A at memory address 35.

Verify the programmed memory addresses, using ^RECALLand the numeric

input keys plus

and

^ENTER. Press

to verify the current of 0.3A.

keys, e.g.:

RECALL

Press

to verify the voltage of 5V. Press

Remote control (store/recall):

The recall memory voltage can be programmed using the

[:SOURce]:LIST:VOLTage command.

The recall memory current can be programmed using the

[:SOURce]:LIST:CURRent command.

The actual memory address index (1 to 999) can be selected using the

[:SOURce]:LIST:INDex[:NSELect] command.

Example:

•

REQUIREMENTS : Fill the memory address 23 with 5V/0.3A and the

memory addresses 33, 34, and 35 with, respectively,

4V/1A, 3V/1A and 2V/1A for output channel 1.

SOLUTION:

•

Send → :INST:STAT OFF

Send → :INST:NSEL 1

Send → :LIST:IND 23

Send → :LIST:VOLT 5

Send → :LIST:CURR 0.3

Send → :LIST:IND 33

Send → :LIST:VOLT 4,3,2

STANDBY mode active.

Output channel 1 selected.

Address 23 selected.

5V/0.3A stored at address 23.

Address 33 selected.

4V, 3V, and 2V, stored at respectively, the

addresses 33, 34, and 35.

Send → :LIST:CURR 1,1,1

1A stored at the addresses 33, 34, and 35.

5 - 22

Users Manual

5.5.5

Step functions

When a list of memory addresses has been filled with voltage and current

settings, it can be used in one of the following ways:

1) AUTO_STEP OFF:

This will invoke the manual step function, i.e., the next step is initiated by

the operator. For instance by manually stepping through a list of

predefined voltages and currents, a test pattern of voltage and current

settings will be generated. The manual stepping will be executed for all

enabled output channels. Refer to section "Manual step function" on this

page.

2) AUTO_STEP ON:

This will invoke the automatic step function, i.e. the next step is initiated

when the interval time has expired. For instance by automatically stepping

through a list of sequential voltages and currents, a voltage/current ramp

function will be executed. The start and stop address of the sequential list

and the interval time between two consecutive steps can be programmed.

Stepping can be done in one of the following ways:

3) CONTINUOUS_STEP OFF:

The predefined sequence of memory addresses is executed only once.

4) CONTINUOUS_STEP ON:

The predefined sequence of memory addresses is executed continuously,

i.e., repeatedly from start to stop address.

Stepping will be executed for all enabled output channels. Refer to section

"Automatic step function" on the next page.

Manual step function:

STEP

The manual step function can be executed locally, using the

key.

The AUTO_STEP function can be set ON or OFF via the STEP MENU under the

AUX

key.

Example:

•

REQUIREMENTS :

Step manually through the predefined list of voltage and current settings,

stored at the memory addresses 20 to 40. The voltage and current settings

must be output for channel 1. Output channel 2 must be disabled.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 23

•

SOLUTION:

AUX ENTER

Press

to enter the STEP submenu.

Check that the AUTO STEP is OFF, or press the OFF (0) key to set the

AUTO STEP function off.

ENTER

Press

to leave the STEP submenu.

SELECT

(only for multiple output models) to select output channel 1.

to enable output channel 1.

ENABLE

DISABLE

SELECT

(only for multiple output models) to select output channel 2.

to disable output channel 2.

ENABLE

DISABLE

SELECT

as many times as necessary to select output channel 1 again.

to make the OPERATE mode active.

OPR

STBY

STEP

to enter the step mode.

ENTER

to select start address 20 of the list.

The display reads: 1 S T E P 2 0 . . . . . . .

LOOP:

Press

if you want to see the actual voltage on output

channel 1 at the memory address as indicated on the display.

Press

if you want to see the actual current from output

channel 1 at the memory address as indicated on the display.

STEP

Press

to select the next memory address of the list.

Repeat this loop until step 40 is made active.

ENDLOOP

SELECT

Press

The display reads: 2 S T E P 4 0 D I S

Press to leave the step mode.

to select output channel 2.

Remark: When the next step is executed, the next voltage and current

setting in the list is made active and output on the selected

channel.

Automatic step function

Local control (automatic stepping):

The AUTO STEP function, the CONTINUOUS STEP function, the step interval

AUX

time, the START address, and the STOP address can be set via the

key.

STEP

The automatic step function can be started by pressing the

key.

5 - 24

Users Manual

Example:

•

REQUIREMENTS:

Step automatically through the predefined list of voltage and current

settings stored at the memory addresses 20 to 40. When the end of the list

is reached, it must be started again at the beginning. The next voltage and

current setting must be output for channel 1 at an interval time of 5

seconds.

•

SOLUTION:

AUX ENTER

Press

to enter the STEP submenu.

to set the AUTO STEP function on.

AUX

to set the TIME INTerval function.

ENTER

to set the interval time at 5 seconds.

to set the CONTINUOUS step function.

to set the CONTINUOUS step function on.

AUX

to set the START AT function.

ENTER

to set the start address of the sequence list at 20.

AUX

to set the STOP AT function.

ENTER

to set the stop address of the sequence list at 40.

ENTER

SELECT

to leave the AUX menu.

(only for multiple output models) to select output channel 1.

to enable output channel 1.

ENABLE

DISABLE

OPR

to make the OPERATE mode active.

to enter the step mode.

STBY

STEP

to select start address 20 of the list.

The display reads : 1 S T E P T O 2 0

ENTER

Press

to initiate the automatic stepping.

•

Check that the memory address is automatically incremented every

5 seconds on the display.

•

Exit the automatic stepping by pressing the (backspace) key. The last

recalled voltage and current setting remain active.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 25

Remote control (automatic stepping):

The actual memory address index (1 to 999) can be selected using the

[:SOURce]:LIST:INDex[:NSELect] command. The selected memory address can

be requested by means of the [:SOURce]:LIST:INDex[:NSELect]? query.

A sequence list of memory addresses can be defined using the

[:SOURce]:LIST:SEQuence:STARt and [:SOURce]:LIST:SEQuence:STOP

commands.

A sequence list of memory addresses can be reported using the

[:SOURce]:LIST:SEQuence:STARt? and [:SOURce]:LIST:SEQuence:STOP?

queries.

The length of a sequence list, i.e., the number of voltage and current points, can

be requested by the [:SOURce]:LIST:VOLTage:POINts? and

[:SOURce]:LIST:CURRent:POINts? queries.

The step interval time can be defined by the [:SOURce]:LIST:TIMer command and

can be requested by the [:SOURce]:LIST:TIMer? query.

The source of the next step in the sequence list (the step trigger) can be defined

and requested by the [:SOURce]:LIST:SOURce command, respectively the

[:SOURce]:LIST:SOURce? query. The following sources are possible:

•

If source = TIMer, the internal timer of the power supply is used to count

the step interval time.

•

If source = EXTernal or BUS, the active trigger source depends on whether

the START line of the trigger bus at the rear of the power supply is active

or not. If active, step pulses from the external STEP input will cause the

next step to be performed. If not active, the next step will be performed

after the TRG command or after the GET trigger command.

The execution of a sequence list can be started using the :INITiate[:IMMediate]

command. The first address is the START address, and the last address is the

STOP address.

A sequence list can be executed continuously by means of the

:INITiate:CONTinuous command.

The execution of a sequence list can be stopped by means of the :ABORt

command. If the execution is stopped, the last recalled voltage and current setting

remain active.

5 - 26

Users Manual

Example:

•

REQUIREMENTS:

Step automatically through the predefined list of voltage and current

settings, stored at the memory addresses 20 through 40. When the end of

the list is reached, it must be started again at the beginning. The next

voltage and current setting must be output for channel 1 at an interval time

of 5 seconds.

•

SOLUTION:

Send → :LIST:SOUR TIM

The next step is automatically initiated by

the internal timer.

Send → :LIST:TIM 5.0

Set the interval time at 5 seconds.

Send → :LIST:SEQ:START 20 Set the start address of the sequence list

at 20.

Send → :LIST:SEQ:STOP 40 Set the stop address of the sequence list

at 40.

Send → :INST:NSEL 1

Send → :OUTP:STAT ON

Send → :INST:STAT ON

Send → :INIT:CONT ON

Send → :INIT

Select output channel 1.

Enable output channel 1.

Make OPERATE mode active.

Set the CONTINUOUS step function on.

Initiate the automatic stepping.

Check the display of the power supply to verify that the memory address

is automatically incremented every 5 seconds.

Send → :ABORT

Exit the automatic stepping.

Check that the last recalled voltage and current setting remain active.

External step functions

There are three SMB connectors at the rear: START, STEP, and READY.

The modes and functions of the connectors are shown in the following table.

NAME

MODE

input

FUNCTION

START

Enables stepping via the STEP input.

STEP

input

Executes the next step.

READY

output

Indicates whether a step is finished (ready for

the next step).

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 27

There is a standard GPIB interface connector at the rear. The GPIB interface

software supports complete trigger capability.

If the trigger source = TIMer, the internal timer of the power supply is used to count

the interval time between two consecutive steps.

If the trigger source = EXTernal or BUS, the active trigger source depends on

whether or not the START line of the trigger bus at the rear is active.

EXTERNAL STEPPING (via the trigger bus)

If the START line is active (LOW), step pulses from the external STEP input

line will cause the next step to be performed.

EXTERNAL STEPPING (via the GPIB)

If the START line is not active (HIGH), the next step will be performed on the

receipt of the TRG command or the GET code via the GPIB.

Note:

LOW = 0 to 0.8V and HIGH = 2 to 5V

Trigger bus control:

External stepping via the trigger bus can be done in two ways:

1) In the synchronous mode:

In this mode all three bus signal lines have their own functions.

2) In the asynchronous mode:

In this mode the READY line is externally connected to the START line.

To control the recall memory via the trigger bus, the STEP mode may not be

automatic, and the START input line must be pulled LOW. This will enable the

STEP line to trigger the next step to be executed (external triggering). Pulling the

START line LOW will also disable the manual STEP key.

When enabled, a STEP pulse will trigger the step mechanism. The leading edge

of the STEP pulse makes the READY line active (LOW) within 100 nanoseconds.

The READY line will be released when the internal processing is finished and the

STEP line is HIGH. The internal processing time does not include the

reprogramming delay time. It is the responsibility of the user to choose a STEP

rate that is not too high for the power supply and its load condition, so that the

output can settle within the STEP time.

Note:

STEP pulses, received while the READY line is low, will be ignored.

5 - 28

Users Manual

GPIB control:

GPIB control can only be done in the remote mode of operation. An external

trigger can be programmed in the following ways:

•

Send → TRG

By sending the common command TRG to the power

supply.

•

Send → GET

By sending the GET (Group Execute Trigger) code over

the GPIB interface.

5.6 ADVANCED USE

This section describes how to connect several output channels (with the same

ratings) to obtain higher output power through a connected load.

To increase the total output current through a connected load, the output channels

must be connected in parallel. Refer to section 5.6.1.

To increase the total output voltage over a connected load, the output channels

must be connected in series. Refer to section 5.6.2.

This section also describes the way to connect more than one load to an output

channel (multiple loads). Refer to section 5.6.3.

CAUTION: Only output channels with equivalent voltage and current ratings may

be connected in series or in parallel to prevent that the channel with

the lowest output ratings will be damaged.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 29

5.6.1

Parallel connection of output channels

Note:

For the PM2812 and PM2813 you can face a number of restrictions

when connecting output channels in parallel to a load. Please read

Appendix D to get more information of parallel connection of output

channels fore these instruments.

For the PM2831 and PM2832, parallel connection of output channels is

only possible in the source (non-sink) mode

Connecting output channels in parallel provides a greater current capability than

can be obtained from a single output channel. In principle, you can put more than

two output channels in parallel.

Output channels in parallel configurations can operate in either Constant Voltage

(CV) or in Constant Current (CC).

When channels are connected in parallel with the intention of increasing the

current capability, it is advised that you set all channels to the same voltage. When

the channels have the same power characteristics, set them to the same current

value.

In general, you can handle the following procedure.

•

Set the power supply to STANDBY before making any connections.

Connect the channels in parallel.

If a constant voltage is required accross the load, proceed as follows.

•

Program the voltage setting of all channels equal to the constant voltage

required.

Calculate the maximum current needed for the load (I_max). Count with the

minimum value of R_load

Program the current setting of the individual channels so that the sum of the

values is equal to I_max

Now you may set the power supply to the operate mode.

If a constant current is required through the load, proceed as follows.

•

Program the current setting of the individual channels so that the sum of the

values is equal to the value of the constant current required.

Calculate the maximum voltage needed to supply the constant current. Count

with the maximum value of R_load

Program the voltage setting of all channels equal to the maximum voltage

needed.

Now you may set the power supply to the operate mode.

5 - 30

Users Manual

If neither constant voltage nor constant current is required, you may program

typical values as well.

There are two ways of sensing the load when connecting output channels in

parallel: local sensing and remote sensing.

Local sensing (outputs in parallel):

Connecting the load wires directly to the +V and -V terminals of output channel 2

keeps the number and the total length of the load wires to a minimum. The

following diagram shows the wiring scheme.

OUTPUT 1

TWISTED

PAIR

OUTPUT 2

LOAD

ST5872

Figure 5.6.1 Local Sensing with Two Outputs in Parallel

CAUTION: To prevent noise pickup, twist the sense wires and shield them from

the environment.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

Remote sensing (outputs in parallel):

5 - 31

The sense wires are connected from the load to the +S and -S terminals of output

channel 2. This compensates for the voltage drop in the wires from the load to the

+V and -V terminals. The following diagram shows the wiring scheme.

OUTPUT 1

TWISTED

PAIR

OUTPUT 2

LOAD

ST5873

Figure 5.6.2 Remote Sensing with Two Outputs in Parallel

CAUTION: To prevent noise pickup, twist the sense wires and shield them from

the environment.

5 - 32

Users Manual

5.6.2

Serial connection of output channels

Connecting output channels in series provides a greater voltage capability than

can be obtained from a single output channel. In principle, you can put more than

two output channels in series. However, there is the limitation that the total

maximum voltage of each terminal may not exceed 240V with respect to the

ground.

Output channels in serial configurations can operate in either Constant Voltage

(CV) or in Constant Current (CC).

CV OPERATION

For CV operation all output channels must be in the CV mode. Program the

current setting of all output channels to the desired current limit point. Then

program the voltage setting of each output channel, so that the sum of all

voltages equals the total desired operating voltage. The simplest way to

accomplish this is to program each output channel to an equal part of the total

desired operating voltage, e.g., three output channel settings of 25 V in series

provide 75 V.

CC OPERATION

For CC operation the current setting of each output channel must be

programmed to the desired operating current. The sum of the voltage settings

determines the voltage limit points. As an example, consider two output

channels in series (refer also to section 5.6.2.1). Program the voltage setting

of both output channels to one half of the total voltage limit point. At load

voltages < ¹/₂of the total voltage limit point, one output channel will operate

in the CC mode. At load voltages > ¹/₂of the total voltage limit point, the output

channel that was in the CC mode will change to the CV mode, while the other

output channel will regulate the current in the CC mode and provide the

balance of the voltage required by the load.

Note that the total voltage over the load is the sum of the individual readback

output voltages, provided the load voltage < ¹/₂of total voltage limit point.

WARNING: To guarantee the safe use of the power supply, the total

maximum voltage at each terminal must not exceed 240V with

respect to ground.

There are two ways of sensing the load when connecting output channels in

series, i.e., local sensing and remote sensing.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

Local sensing (outputs in series):

5 - 33

Connect the load wires to the +V terminal of output channel 1 and the -V terminal

of output channel 2, and interconnect the -V terminal of output channel 1 and the

+V terminal of output channel 2. Connecting the +S of output channel 2 to the -S

of output channel 1, while removing the local sense jumper between +S and +V

of output channel 2, will compensate for the voltage drop across the wires from

output channel 2 to output channel 1. The following diagram shows the wiring

scheme.

OUTPUT 1

LOAD

OUTPUT 2

ST5874

Figure 5.6.3 Local Sensing with Two Outputs in Series

5 - 34

Users Manual

Remote sensing (outputs in series):

Connecting extra sense wires from the load to the +S terminal of output channel

1 and the -S terminal of output channel 2 compensates for the voltage drop in the

wires from the load to the +V and -V terminals. Connecting the +S of output

channel 2 to the -S of output channel 1, while removing the local sense jumper

between +S and +V of output channel 2, will compensate for the voltage drop

across the wires from output channel 2 to output channel 1.The following diagram

shows the wiring scheme.

OUTPUT 1

LOAD

OUTPUT 2

ST5875

Figure 5.6.4 Remote Sensing with Two Outputs in Series

CAUTION: To prevent noise pickup, twist the sense wires and shield them from

the environment.

Using your Programmable Power Supply

5 - 35

5.6.3

Parallel connection of loads

If more than one load is connected to an output channel, use separate wires to

connect each load. This minimizes mutual coupling effects and takes full

advantage of the power supply’s low output impedance. Each pair of wires should

be as short as possible to reduce wire inductance and noise pickup. The loads

must be connected in parallel, not in series, so that loads are not mutually

influenced by load fluctuations.

It is advised to use a pair of DC distribution terminals (DT) not located at the

output channel terminals.

Note:

In principle, there is no restriction about the number of loads that can be

connected. Remote voltage sensing is recommended if one load is more

sensitive than the other(s); therefore, sense directly at the most sensitive

load.

Local sensing (loads in parallel):

The following diagram shows the wiring scheme.

LOAD

DT+

LOAD

ST5866

Figure 5.6.5 Local Sensing withTwo Loads in Parallel

If local sensing is used, locate the distribution terminals (DT) as near as possible

to the output channel terminals.

5 - 36

Users Manual

Remote sensing (loads in parallel):

The following diagram shows the wiring scheme.

LOAD

DT+

LOAD

ST5867

Figure 5.6.6 Remote Sensing withTwo Loads in Parallel

If remote sensing is used, locate the distribution terminals (DT) as near as

possible to the load terminals.

CAUTION: To prevent noise pickup, twist the sense wires and shield them from

the environment.

5.6.4

Tips for Remote Sensing Applications

Prevent Output Noise

It is advised to twist or to shield the sense leads to minimize the pickup of

envirionmental noise. If the sense leads are twisted, run them parallel and close

to the load leads. In environments with heavy noise, it may be necessary to shield

the sense leads. Connect the shield to ground at the power supply end only.

Prevent Instability

The impedance of the load leads together with the capacitance of the load can form

a filter , which may cause a phase shift in the sense feedback loop. This can cause

instability or even oscillations, which must be prevented. If there is doubt about the

stability of the output, you can check this with an oscilloscope. There are no simple

rules to prevent instability for all circumstances, but the following guidelines are

valid most often:

1. Use short leads with low resistance for the load and the sense connections.

2. Twist the load leads together to minimize additional inductance.

3. Twist the sense leads together (or shield them) to minimize interference with

the environment.

4. Keep the load capacitance as small as possible.

Accessories

A - 1

APPENDIX A ACCESSORIES

A.1 Supplied with the instrument

•

Reference Manual English

4822 872 00827

Operation Manual English

Operation Manual German

Operation Manual French

4822 872 00824, or

4822 872 00825, or

4822 872 00826

•

Power Cord EURO

Power Cord SWISS

Power Cord UK

5322 321 23297, or

5322 321 10679, or

5322 321 10681, or

5322 321 10644

Power Cord USA

•

Two spare fuses

Two mounting brackets (not with PM2811)

A.2 Optional

The following accessories can be ordered via your local Fluke Sales and Service

Center.

•

19” Rack mount (with other 19” units)

PM9280/03

•

Service Manual PM2811/12/13

Service manual PM2831/32

4822 872 85005

4822 872 85004

•

Standard Commands for

Programmable Instruments

4822 872 80194

A - 2

Users Manual

SCPI Conformance Information

B - 1

APPENDIX B

SCPI CONFORMANCE INFORMATION

This instrument complies to the SCPI standard version 1993.0. The following

classes of commands and queries have been implemented:

B.1 IEEE 488.2-1987

CLS

ESE

ESE?

ESR?

IDN?

OPC

OPC?

PSC

PSC?

RCL

RST

SAV

SRE

SRE?

STB?

TRG

TST?

WAI

B.2 SCPI Std 1993.0 Confirmed

:ABORT

:CALIBRATION:STATE

:CALIBRATION:STATE?

:CALIBRATION:VALUE

:CALIBRATION:AUTO

:DISPLAY:ENABLE

:DISPLAY:ENABLE?

:DISPLAY:CONTRAST

:DISPLAY:CONTRAST?

B - 2

Users Manual

:DISPLAY:WINDOW:TEXT:DATA

:DISPLAY:WINDOW:TEXT:DATA?

:INITIATE:IMMEDIATE

:INITIATE:CONTINUOUS

:INITIATE:CONTINUOUS?

:INSTRUMENT:SELECT

:INSTRUMENT:SELECT?

:INSTRUMENT:NSELECT

:INSTRUMENT:NSELECT?

:INSTRUMENT:DEFINE

:INSTRUMENT:DEFINE?

:INSTRUMENT:DELETE:NAME

:INSTRUMENT:DELETE:ALL

:INSTRUMENT:CATALOG?

:INSTRUMENT:STATE

:INSTRUMENT:STATE?

:MEASURE:SCALAR:VOLTAGE:DC?

:MEASURE:SCALAR:CURRENT:DC?

:OUTPUT:STATE

:OUTPUT:STATE?

:OUTPUT:PROTECTION:TRIPPED?

:OUTPUT:PROTECTION:CLEAR

:SOURCE:CURRENT:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE

:SOURCE:CURRENT:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE?

:SOURCE:CURRENT:LIMIT:HIGH?

:SOURCE:CURRENT:LIMIT:LOW?

:SOURCE:CURRENT:PROTECTION:TRIPPED?

:SOURCE:CURRENT:PROTECTION:STATE

:SOURCE:CURRENT:PROTECTION:STATE?

:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE

:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE?

:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:LIMIT:HIGH?

:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:LIMIT:LOW?

:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:PROTECTION:LEVEL

:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:PROTECTION:LEVEL?

:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:PROTECTION:TRIPPED?

:SOURCE:POWER:LIMIT:HIGH?

:SOURCE:FUNCTION:MODE?

SCPI Conformance Information

B - 3

:SOURCE:LIST:VOLTAGE

:SOURCE:LIST:VOLTAGE:POINTS?

:SOURCE:LIST:CURRENT

:SOURCE:LIST:CURRENT:POINTS?

:SOURCE:LIST:GENERATION

:SOURCE:LIST:GENERATION?

:SOURCE:LIST:INDEX:NSELECT

:SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:START

:SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:STOP

:STATUS:OPERATION:EVENT?

:STATUS:OPERATION:CONDITION?

:STATUS:OPERATION:ENABLE

:STATUS:OPERATION:ENABLE?

:STATUS:OPERATION:PTRANSITION

:STATUS:OPERATION:PTRANSITION?

:STATUS:OPERATION:NTRANSITION

:STATUS:OPERATION:NTRANSITION?

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:EVENT?

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:CONDITION?

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ENABLE

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ENABLE?

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:PTRANSITION

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:PTRANSITION?

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:NTRANSITION

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:NTRANSITION?

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:EVENT?

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:CONDITION?

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:ENABLE

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:ENABLE?

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:PTRANSITION

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:PTRANSITION?

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:NTRANSITION

:STATUS:OPERATION:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:NTRANSITION?

:STATUS:PRESET

:STATUS:QUEUE:NEXT?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:EVENT?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:CONDITION?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:ENABLE

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:ENABLE?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:PTRANSITION

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:PTRANSITION?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:NTRANSITION

B - 4

Users Manual

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:NTRANSITION?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:EVENT?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:CONDITION?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ENABLE

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ENABLE?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:PTRANSITION

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:PTRANSITION?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:NTRANSITION

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:NTRANSITION?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:EVENT?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:CONDITION?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:ENABLE

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:ENABLE?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:PTRANSITION

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:PTRANSITION?

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:NTRANSITION

:STATUS:QUESTIONABLE:INSTRUMENT:ISUMMARY:NTRANSITION?

:SYSTEM:KLOCK

:SYSTEM:KLOCK?

:SYSTEM:ERROR?

:SYSTEM:SET

:SYSTEM:SET?

:SYSTEM:VERSION

:SYSTEM:VERSION?

:SYSTEM:VERSION 1990.0

:SYSTEM:VERSION 1993.0

B.3 SCPI approved

:SOURCE:CURRENT:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE:AUTO

:SOURCE:CURRENT:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE:AUTO?

:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE:AUTO

:SOURCE:VOLTAGE:LEVEL:IMMEDIATE:AMPLITUDE:AUTO?

SCPI Conformance Information

B - 5

B.4 SCPI syntax and style

REMARK: It is advised that you use the :SYSTEM:VERSION command to

control compatibility of the application program with respect to the

SCPI implementation of the programmable power supply used. This

is helpful for future SCPI compatibility.

:OUTPUT:PROTECTION:COUPLING:INSTRUMENT

:OUTPUT:PROTECTION:COUPLING:INSTRUMENT?

:OUTPUT:PROTECTION:COUPLING:STATE

:OUTPUT:PROTECTION:COUPLING:STATE?

:SOURCE:CURRENT:PROTECTION:DELAY

:SOURCE:CURRENT:PROTECTION:DELAY?

:SOURCE:LIST:INDEX:NSELECT

:SOURCE:LIST:INDEX:NSELECT?

:SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:START

:SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:START?

:SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:STOP

:SOURCE:LIST:SEQUENCE:STOP?

:SOURCE:LIST:TIMER

:SOURCE:LIST:TIMER?

:SOURCE:LIST:SOURCE

:SOURCE:LIST:SOURCE?

:SYSTEM:UNPROTECT:STATE

:SYSTEM:UNPROTECT:STATE?

:SYSTEM:UNPROTECT:SELECT

:SYSTEM:UNPROTECT:SELECT?

:SYSTEM:UNPROTECT:PWORD

:SYSTEM:POCLEAR

:SYSTEM:POCLEAR?

:SYSTEM:VERSION

:TEST:INSTRUMENT?

:TEST:SYSTEM?

B - 6

Users Manual

Abbriviations, Symbols & Terms

C - 1

APPENDIX C

ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS & TERMS

C.1 Abbreviations

ADDA

AMPL

ANSI

AUX

Alternating current

Analog/Digital - Digital/Analog

Acceptor Handshake

Amplitude

American National Standards Institute

Auxilliary

BNC

Bayonet Normal Connector

CAL

CAT

CLE

CLS

CISPR

Calibration

Catalog

Constant Current

Clear

Clear screen or Clear status

Comité International Special des Pertubations

Radioélectriques

Condition

Configuration or configure

Contrast

Coupling

Coupled Parameters

Central Processor Unit

Canadian Standards Association

Current

COND

CONF

CONT

COUP

CPU

CSA

CURR

Constant Voltage

Direct current

Define or default

Delete or delay

Display enable

Diagnostics

Disable

DEF

DEL

DEN

DIAG

DIS(AB)

DISP

Display

Device Trigger

EMC

EMI

Electro Magnetic Compatibility

Electro Magnetic Interference

C - 2

Users Manual

EMS

EN(AB)

ERR

ESB

ESE

Electro Magnetic Susceptibility

Enable

Error

Event Summary Bit

Event Status Enable

Event Status Register

European

ESR

EURO

EVEN

EXT

Event

External

FLT

FUNC

Failure

Fault

Function

GEN

GET

GPIB

Generation

Group Execute Trigger

General Purpose Interface Bus

IEC

IEEE

IDN

IMM

IND

INIT

INST

INT

I/O or IO

ISUM

International Electrotechnical Commission

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

Identification

Immediate

Index

Initiate

Instrument

Internal

Input Output

Instrument summary

KLOC

Keyboard lock

LCD

LCL

LEV

LIM

LRN

LSB

LSD

Liquid Crystal Display

Local

Level

Limit

Learn

Least Significant Bit

Least Significant Digit

MAV

MAX

MEAS

MIL

Message available

Maximum

Measure(ment)

Military

Abbriviations, Symbols & Terms

C - 3

MIN

Minimum

Mode

MOD

MSB

MSD

MSS

MTBF

MTTR

Most Significant Bit

Most Significant Digit

Master Summary Status

Mean Time Between Failures

Mean Time To Repair

NRF

NSEL

NTR

Numeric forgiving

Numeric select

Negative transition

OC(P)

OPC

OPR

OPER

OPT

OUTP

OV(P)

Overcurrent (Protection)

Operation complete

Operate

Operation

Option

Output

Overvoltage (Protection)

PARD

PMT

PON(C)

POW

PPS

PROT

Periodic And Random Deviation

Personal Computer

Program Message Terminator

Power ON (Clear)

Power

peak to peak

Programmable Power Supply

Protection

Personal System

PSC

PTR

PWOR

Power on Status Clear

Positive transition

Password

QUES

Questionable

RAM

RCL

REM

RFI

Random Access Memory

Recall

Remote

Radio Frequency Interference

root mean square

Read Only Memory

Request Service

Reset

rms

ROM

RQS

RST

C - 4

Users Manual

SAV

Sense

Save

Scalar

SCAL

SCPI

SEL

SEQ

SRE

SR(Q)

SOUR

STAT

STB

Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments

Select

Sequence

Service Request Enable

Service Request

Source

State

Status byte

Standby

Step

System

STBY

STP

SYST

Temperature Coefficient

TRG

TRIP

TST

Trigger

Tripped

Test

UNPR

UNR

USA

United Kingdom

Underwriters Laboratories

Unprotect

Unregulated

United States of America

VAL

VDE

VERS

VOLT

Value

Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker

Version

Voltage

WIND

Window

Abbriviations, Symbols & Terms

C - 5

C.2 Glossary of symbols

percentage

beginning of a common command/query

separation sign for commands/queries

beginning of a subsystem command/query part

end of a query

degree (e.g. °C =degree Celsius)

Ampere

Celsius

differentiate, e.g., di (derived current)

foot

gravity (m/s²)

Hertz

current

Kelvin

meter

MHz

[ . . . ]

{ . . . }

milliampere

millisecond

millivolt

Megahertz

Overcurrent

Overvoltage

Power

Resistance

second

time

micro, e.g., µs

voltage

Volt

Watt

Impedance

command/query part that may be omitted (default node)

command/query part that can be repeated

sign to indicate a choice (. . . or . . . )

C - 6

Users Manual

C.3 Glossary of terms

AUTORANGING

A power supply is autoranging if it can supply the maximum rated power over the

continuous range of voltage and current.

CALIBRATION MODE

In this mode the power supply can be adjusted to comply with external calibration

standards.

DRIFT

The maximum change of the regulated output voltage or current during an 8-hour

period (long term drift), following a 30-minute warm-up period (short term drift). All

influence and control quantities must remain constant during these periods.

Drift includes both random and periodic deviations over the bandwidth from zero

frequency (DC) to the upper frequency limit.

LOAD EFFECT (load regulation)

The load effect is the maximum change in the steady state of the regulated output

voltage or current, resulting from a full load change in the load current of a

CV supply or in the load voltage of a CC supply.

LOCAL MODE (opposite of the REMOTE mode)

In this mode the power supply can be operated locally via the keypad control

keys.

LOCAL SENSING

The voltage is sensed directly at the power supply terminals. The power supply is

shipped from the factory with local sensing.

OPERATE MODE (opposite of the STANDBY mode)

In this mode the power supply is able to deliver power.

PARD (ripple and noise)

Periodic And Random Deviation of the DC output voltage or current from its

average value over a specified bandwidth. All influence and control quantities

must remain constant.

PROGRAMMING ACCURACY

Maximum deviation between the programmed value and the actual output value

(at calibration temperature ± 2°C).

Abbriviations, Symbols & Terms

C - 7

PROGRAMMING RESOLUTION

Average programming step size. That is the smallest change that can be obtained

either using the front panel keys or a controller.

PROGRAMMING RESPONSE TIME

The maximum time for the output to settle to a programmed value within a settling

band, after having finished executing the settle command.

READBACK ACCURACY

Maximum error in the readback value of an output voltage or current (at

calibration temperature ± 2°C).

REMOTE MODE (opposite of the LOCAL mode)

In this mode the power supply is programmed remotely from your PC via the

GPIB.

REMOTE SENSING

A way of sensing in which a power supply monitors the voltage directly at the load

via the extra sensing wires. The resulting circuit action compensates for the

voltage drop in the wires to the load up to a maximum of 1 volt total.

SOURCE EFFECT (line regulation)

The maximum change in the steady state of the regulated output voltage or

current, resulting from any change in the AC voltage source within the specified

values.

STANDBY MODE (opposite of the OPERATE mode)

In this mode the power supply is operable, but the output channels are disabled

(no power is supplied).

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

The maximum change in the regulated output voltage or current per degree

Celsius following a change in the ambient temperature after a 30 minute warm-up

time.

C - 8

Users Manual

Application for PM2812 and PM2813

D - 1

APPENDIX D

APPLICATION FOR PM2812 AND PM2813

The following application support information is meant for the user who wants to

extend the maximum current of the PM2812 or PM2813 Power Supply by parallel

connection of channels.

PARALLEL CONNECTION OF OUTPUT CHANNELS

When you connect output channels in parallel to a load, be aware of the following:

The 'down programmer'

This is a circuit in the output channel that unloads the internal filter capacitors

when the output voltage is set to a lower value, to achieve a short response time.

The down programmer will have the same effect on (external) capacitive loads to

shorten the response time. The down programmer will sink a fixed current (about

10% of the rated current) as long as the voltage on the channel output is higher

than the programmed setting.

The down programmer will influence also the result of parallel connected

channels when the channels are set to different voltages. The channel set to the

lowest voltage will activate its down programmer, which will behave as a constant

current load. This current is not shown by the display or by readback. Then the

total current through the load is not equal to the total readback current of the

channels.

Example:

Vset = 12V

Iset = 5A

10V

CH1

1.25Ω

10V

Vset = 10V

Iset = 5A

10V

CH2

Figure D.1

Channels connected in parallel to a load. CH 1 in Constant Current

mode, CH 2 in Constant Voltage mode.

D - 2

Users Manual

This set-up will cause no problem as CH 1 supplies a constant current (CC) of 5A

and CH 2 supplies the additional current needed in constant voltage mode (CV

indicator).

A problem will arise when the current needed by the load decreases below 5A, for

example when the load resistance increases. This is illustrated by figure D.2.

Vset = 12V

Iset = 5A

3.5A

12V

CH1

4Ω

Vset = 10V

Iset = 5A

-0.5A

12V

CH2

Figure D.2

Channels connected in parallel to a load. Both channels are in

Constant Voltage mode.

CH 1 will now enter the Constant Voltage (CV) mode, as the current needed by

the load is less than Iset (5A). This implies that the voltage across the load will

change to the highest Vset (12V). As Vset of CH 2 is 10V, its down programmer

will become active, so that CH 1 will supply 3A plus the current the down

programmer of CH 2 will sink. So this set-up is not suitable for load currents, which

can be lower than Iset of the Constant Current channel.

For this case there are two solutions. You can set the current of CH 1 to a value

below 3A so that CH 1 will enter the Constant Current mode as indicated in

Figure D.1. Or, you can set both channels to the same voltage, so that there will

be a constant voltage across the load. When the voltages are exactly equal, the

down programmer will not become active and the current through the load will be

equal to the sum of the currents of the individual channels.

Be careful in using the Standby and Disable modes

Consider the following case. You have connected two channels in parallel. You

don't need the second channel to supply current, because the first channel can

supply enough current. You disable the second channel to switch it off. The down

programmer of this channel will try to sink its output to 0V. As the first channel still

supplies a voltage, the down programmer of the second channel will continuously

sink current. This causes power dissipation inside the case, which must be

prevented as the Power Supply is not designed for this use.

Application for PM2812 and PM2813

D - 3

The same is valid for two parallel connected Power Supplies when one Power

Supply is set to the Standby mode. The Standby mode, like the Disable mode, will

try to sink all outputs to 0V. Then the down programmer can also become active

when one Power Supply is still in Operate mode.

Use Coupled Protection for parallel connected channels

When one of the parallel connected channels is shut down by its protection circuit

and the other channels are not, the shut down channel will activate its

downprogrammer, trying to sink the output to 0V. This causes the same effect as

disabling one channel while the others are still enabled.

To prevent this set COUPLE PROT ON for each channel via the AUX key. Disable

Overcurrent Protection for the channels that are used in Constant Current mode.

Note:

Coupled Protection is possible only for the channels in the same Power

Supply.

General advise to program parallel connected channels

Try to prevent that the down programmer of a channel is continuously

active. This causes unnecessary dissipation and will diminish the lifetime

of the channel.

The best way to prevent the down programmer of a channel to become active is

to use at maximum one channel in Constant Voltage mode and all other channels

in Constant Current mode. Whether this is possible or not depends on the load

requirements. We will handle the following cases:

Case 1: Constant Current.

Case 2: Constant Voltage, Output Current from a fixed minimum value to the

maximum.

Case 3: Constant Voltage, Output Current from zero to the maximum.

For all cases it is assumed that there are two or more channels needed to be able

to supply the maximum current.

Case 1: Constant Current

If a fixed current is needed, program the current setting of the channels to an

equal part of the required current. Program all channels, except one, to the

maximum voltage needed plus a small margin to make sure that these channels

will stay in the Constant Current mode. Use the one channel to regulate the

voltage across the load in the range from 0V to the maximum.

D - 4

Users Manual

Case 2: Constant Voltage, Output Current from a fixed minimum value to

the maximum

The following procedure is useful only if you have one channel that can cover the

complete range from the minimum to the maximum and if the other channels

together can supply the fixed minimum current.

Program the current setting of the latter channels to an equal part of the minimum

value and use these channels in the Constant Current mode. Use the one

channel in the Constant Voltage mode. To make sure that the other channels will

not leave the Constant Current mode, set their voltage to a value that is a little

higher than the Constant Voltage required. Program the current setting of the

Constant Voltage channel to a value that is sufficient to supply the maximum

additional current required.

If the minimum is 0A or if you don't have one channel that can cover the range

from the minimum to the maximum, use the procedure given under Case 3.

Example:

Requirements:

Load voltage 10V (constant).

Load current 10A to 15A (variable).

Protection: Over voltage 11V.

Over current 15A.

Available channel ratings:

Three channels, all 60V/5A.

Suitable settings:

Channel 1: Vset = 10.1V, Iset = 5A, OVPset = 11V

Channel 2: Vset = 10.1V, Iset = 5A, OVPset = 11V

Channel 3: Vset = 10.0V, Iset = 5A, OVPset = 11V

Set Coupled Protection ON via the AUX key. This will shut down all channels at

once, when the protection circuit of any channel becomes active.

Disable Overcurrent Protection of channels 1 and 2 with the OCP EN/OCP DIS

key.

Enable Overcurrent Protection of channel 3 with the OCP EN/OCP DIS key.

Application for PM2812 and PM2813

D - 5

The channels 1 and 2 operate in the Constant Current mode, and Channel 3 in

the Constant voltage mode.

This example will not work if the current through the load decreases below 10A.

Then the current contribution of Channel 3 is reduced to 0A, and either Channel

1 or Channel 2 (or both) will enter the Constant Voltage mode (at 10.1V). As there

are now at least two channels in Constant Voltage mode, the one with the lowest

Vset (Channel 3) will activate its down programmer, sinking about 0.5A. If you are

not quite certain about the minimum current required, you are advised to use the

procedure given under case 3. Then you must adjust all channels exactly to 10V.

Case 3: Constant Voltage, Output Current from 0A to the maximum

This needs the most care to prevent a down programmer to become active,

because all channels must be set exactly to the same voltage. This can best be

done at low output currents. Do this as follows. Connect the channels in parallel.

Connect a load that allows the required voltage and needs a small current, for

example 1% of the required maximum current. Set all channels to the required

Constant Voltage value and to an equal part of the required maximum current. If

the voltages from all channels are exactly equal, then all channels will supply an

equal part of the current. If a channel does not supply current (readback 0.00A),

select this channel and use the -V+ button to carefully increase the voltage until

the channel starts to supply current.

Check if the other channels still supply current. If not, you may have increased the

voltage of one channel to much. If all channels supply current, disconnect the load

and connect the real load.

D - 6

Users Manual

Index

I - 1

INDEX

19-Inch Rackmount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Acceptance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9

Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

ADDA Output Channel Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9

Automatic Stepping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

Automatic Step Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-23

Autoranging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6

CALibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Calibration Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6

CAUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

Channel

Selecting an Output Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7

Setting an Output Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-12

Clear Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

Communication (D²B) Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

Constant Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-13

Constant Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-13

Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Crossover Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-13

Current Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

Current Sink Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-9

Current

Setting an Output Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9

Programming an Output Current. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-14

Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Display Controller Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

Display Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6

Drift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6

I - 2

Users Manual

EMI Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14

Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Environmental Aspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14

External Step Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-26

Family Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-1

Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

Fault Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

Firmware Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

Fixed Load Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15

Front Connection Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1, 3-4

Front Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

Front Panel Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-1

GPIB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

GPIB Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

GPIB Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-28

GPIB Controller Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

GPIB Device Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

GPIB (IEEE 488) Connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

GPIB Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14

Identify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

IEEE 488.1 Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

IEEE 488.2 Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

Initial Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

Initialization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

Installation Instruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-1

Instrument Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

Interface Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7

Interface Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Instability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-36

Index

I - 3

Load Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6

Load Lead Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10

Loads in Parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35, 5-36

Local Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9, 5-10, 5-30, 5-33, C-6

Local Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6

Local Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1, 5-2

Local Lockout (LLO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

Manual Step Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-22

Microprocessor Timer Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

Multiple Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13

Noise Pickup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9, 2-11, 5-36

Nonvolatile Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4

Operate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Operate Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6

Output Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

Output Channel Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37, 5-8

Output Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

Outputs in Parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30, 5-31

Outputs in Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33, 5-34

Overcurrent Protection

Disable Overcurrent Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11

Enable Overcurrent Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-10

Reset Overcurrent Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-11

Overvoltage

Programming the Overvoltage Trip Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9

Reset Overvoltage Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9

Parallel Connection of Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-34

Parallel Connection of Output Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11, 5-29, D-1

PARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6

Performance Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12

Power Inlet Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4

Power on Status Clear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

I - 4

Users Manual

Power ON/OFF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4

Power Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4

Programming Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6

Programming Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7

Programming Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7

RAM Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

Readback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

Readback Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7

Ready. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2, 3-6

Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

Remote Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7

Remote Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1, 5-3

Remote Sensing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9, 5-11, 5-31, 5-34, 5-36, C-7

Reprogramming delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4

Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

Reset Overcurrent Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

Reset Overvoltage Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9

ROM Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

Safety Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-14

SCPI Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7

SCPI Conformance Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1

SCPI Subsystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7

Self Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Sense Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

Serial Connection of Output Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11, 5-32

Service Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1

Service Request (SRQ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

SET Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

SMB Cable Set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1

SMB Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

Source Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

Source Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7

Stability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-36

Standard Event status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

Standby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Standby Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7

Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2, 3-6

Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

Index

I - 5

Status Byte Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

Status Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2, 3-6

Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-22

Stopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

Start up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

Store/recall Front Panel Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

Store/recall Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-19

Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4

Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

System Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

Temperature Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7

Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6, 2-8, 3-6

Performance Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13

Time interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4

Trigger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

Trigger Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

Trigger Bus Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-27

Trigger Bus Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

Tutorial

Local Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8

Variable Load Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-15

Verification

Performance Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12

Voltage

Programming an Output Voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9

Voltage drop due to Load Lead Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-10

Voltage Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

WARNING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

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